in this period, three french educational institutions, after having been founded in paris, established gradually their schools in iran. these institutions consisted of the lazaristes schools, french alliance and israelite alliance schools. but, quality and quantity of their activities, that formed a part of unknown cultural history of qajar period, haven’t been much investigated. therefore, thi...

concerning the penetration and development of french language in iran, present article is trying to scrutinize a part of unknown cultural history of qajar era. by the rise of the period, especially in the reign of mohammad shah (1250-1264 a.h.), not only the socio-political causes, but also the different institutions, nobles and personalities took an important role to penetrate and develop of f...

with the french occupation of egypt in 1798 ad, the communication route of britain to india was threatened and a new stage of conflict and competition began between the two countries in eastern mediterranean, ottoman, iran, indian ocean and the persian gulf. although threats temporarily subsided with the french abandoning egypt, but the continuous french expansionism in the east caused them per...

For any simple connected graph $G=(V,E)$, a defensive alliance is a subset $S$ of $V$ satisfying the condition that every vertex $vin S$ has at most one more neighbour in $V-S$ than it has in $S$. The minimum cardinality of any defensive alliance in $G$ is called the alliance number of $G$, denoted $a(G)$. In this paper, we introduce a new type of alliance number called $k$-strong alliance numb...

A defensive alliance in a graph is a set $S$ of vertices with the property that every vertex in $S$ has at most one moreneighbor outside of $S$ than it has inside of $S$. A defensive alliance $S$ is called global if it forms a dominating set. The global defensive alliance number of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a global defensive alliance in $G$. In this article we study the global ...

 Envisioning system-on-chip design as the next industrial evolution, the Taiwan government recently launched a national Si-Soft project aiming to improve the infrastructure for the SOC based high-tech industry in Taiwan. The fabric of the Si-Soft project is the manpower development. The potential human resources in the TVE systems are thus considered as the best supply to achieve the goal of s...