Equations describing the motion of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, which has both a longitudinal and a transverse flagellum, were formulated and examined using numerical calculations based on hydrodynamic resistive force theory. The calculations revealed that each flagellum has its own function in cell locomotion. The transverse flagellum works as a propelling device that provides the ...

To perform their multiple functions, cilia and flagella are precisely positioned at the cell surface by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. The protist Trypanosoma brucei possesses a single flagellum that adheres to the cell body where a specific cytoskeletal structure is localised, the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ). Trypanosomes build a new flagellum whose distal tip is connected to th...

African trypanosomes have a single, membrane-bounded flagellum that is attached to the cell cortex by membrane adhesion proteins and an intracellular flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) complex. The coordinated assembly of flagellum and FAZ, during the cell cycle and the life cycle development, plays a pivotal role in organelle positioning, cell division and cell morphogenesis. To understand how th...

Aeromonas hydrophila polar-flagellum class I gene transcription is σ70 dependent, which is consistent with the fact that the A. hydrophila polar flagellum is constitutively expressed. In contrast to other bacteria with dual flagellar systems such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the A. hydrophila LafK protein does not compensate for the lack of the polar-flagellum regulator FlrA (V. parahaemolyticus...

nosocomial infections of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (mdrpa) are a growing concern in hospitalized patients in burn centers. the aim of this study was to investigate the flagellin profiling and antibiotic susceptibility of p. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections. during 8 month study, 73 clinically p. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients hospitalized in burn ward...

The Trypanosoma brucei flagellum is an essential organelle anchored along the surface of the cell body through a specialized structure called the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ). Adhesion relies on the interaction of the extracellular portion of two transmembrane proteins, FLA1 and FLA1BP. Here, we identify FLAM3 as a novel large protein associated with the flagellum skeleton whose ablation inh...

Some species of criocerine beetles have a hyper-elongated part of the intromittent organ called a flagellum. In resting position, the flagellum is stored in a specialized internal sac in the intromittent organ. This specialized state of the flagellum and internal sac is indispensable during copulation for flagellar insertion into the female spermathecal duct for sperm transfer. However, the mor...

The bending of a flagellum, such as the flagellum which forms the tail of a seaurchin spermatozoon, is the result of active mechanochemical processes occurring within the flagellum itself, which cause it to bend actively throughout its length (Gray, 1955; Machin, 1958). To understand how flagella operate, we must understand not only the mechanisms which generate bending, but also the control me...

0045-7930/$ see front matter Crown Copyright 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.03.012 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 51 200 7636; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Kang). The propulsion of a bacterial flagellum in a viscous fluid has gained much attention in the field of biological fluid dynamics. Inspired by the bacterial propulsion, we present a three-dimensional computat...

1. The responses of starfish sperm flagella to mechanical stimulation with a microneedle were analysed. Flagellar movement was recorded by high-speed microcinematography and by stroboscopic observation. 2. The amplitude of the bending wave of a flagellum was restricted over its entire length when the microneedle was brought near to the flagellum at its proximal region. Beyond the restricted par...