abstract this study shows the relationship between environmental pollution and economical growth by kuznets hypothesis which has drived from provincial data during 1375 - 1385. carbon monoxide pollution as environmental index and gross national product as economical index have been used. fix effects have been preferred to random effects based on f test for estimation of environmental kuznets cu...

While many studies have affirmed the contributions of information technology (IT) to business value, people are not convinced. So far IT in the service industry has not yet been seen to be more productive. The data in most previous studies either focus on specific industries or exclude financial industry data. As such, the need to do an analysis on IT productivity in the service industry is imm...

This paper investigates whether the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISLFTA) has had trade creation or trade diversion effects on the rest of the World. The method used resembles the one used by Romalis (2005) to study NAFTA. In order to use the variations in tariff at the product level, we use six digit HS classification of products. We construct seven panel data sets for the period 1996 ...

This paper tries to explore the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators for spatial dynamic panel data with fixed effects when both the number of time periods T and number of individuals n are large. When n is proportional to T or T is relatively large, the estimator is √ nT consistent and asymptotically normal; when n is relatively large, the estimator is consistent with the rat...

Every dictator dislikes free media. Yet, many non-democratic countries have partially free or almost free media. In this paper, we develop a theory of media freedom in dictatorships and provide systematic statistical evidence in support of this theory. In our model, free media allow a dictator to provide incentives to bureaucrats and therefore to improve the quality of government. The importanc...

This paper considers models for panel data in which the individual effects vary over time. The temporal pattern of variation is arbitrary, but it is the same for all individuals. The model thus allows one to control for time-varying unobservables that are faced by all individuals (e.g., macroeconomic events) and to which individuals may respond differently. A generalized within estimator is con...

In this paper we study consumption network effects. Does the consumption of our peers affect our own consumption? How large is such effect? What are the economic mechanisms behind it? We use long panel data on the entire Danish population to construct a measure of consumption based on administrative tax records on income and assets. We combine tax record data with matched employer-employee data...

To deepen understanding of the relation between economic development and energy demand, this study estimates the Engel curves that relate per-capita energy consumption in major economic sectors to per-capita GDP. Panel data covering up to 123 nations are employed, and measurement problems are treated both in dataset construction and in estimation. Time and country fixed effects are assumed, and...