background:toxic contamination of fish may compromise food safety. haff disease is a rare syndrome characterized by rhabdomyolysis following consumption of cooked, freshwater fish. case report: a healthy 42 year old female presented three hours after eating fried buffalo fish (ictiobus cyprinellis). her symptoms began while eating the fish, described as diffuse muscle aches followed by generali...

fast development of aquaculture and increasing fish demand lead to intensification of fish culture, magnifying stressors for fish and thus heightening the risk of disease until now, chemotherapy has been widely used to prevent and treat disease outbreaks, although use of chemical drugs has multiple negative impacts on environment and human health e.g. resistant bacterial strains and residual ac...

Enteric red mouth disease (also known as Yersiniosis) is one of the most significant bacterial infections in coldwater fish farms that cause significant mortalities and economical losses in the salmonids fish farms, especially in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ERM is caused by the gram negative pathogen bacteria Yersinia ruckeri that has five O-serotypes (O1, O2, O5, O6 and O7), five oute...

Betanodavirus is one of the two genera making up the family Nodaviridae and is the etiological agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN, also known as viral encephalopathy and retinopathy or VER). The virus infects a large range of host species in more than 50 species of marine and freshwater fish worldwide from different geographical areas and the known host range continues to expand as new specie...

Betanodavirus is one of the two genera making up the family Nodaviridae and is the etiological agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN, also known as viral encephalopathy and retinopathy or VER). The virus infects a large range of host species in more than 50 species of marine and freshwater fish worldwide from different geographical areas and the known host range continues to expand as new specie...

Background:Toxic contamination of fish may compromise food safety. Haff disease is a rare syndrome characterized by rhabdomyolysis following consumption of cooked, freshwater fish. Case Report: A healthy 42 year old female presented three hours after eating fried buffalo fish (Ictiobus cyprinellis). Her symptoms began while eating the fish, described as diffuse muscle aches followed by generali...