fifteen holstein male calves (416 ± 35 kg initial bw; mean ± sd) were employed in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square test to investigate the effect of partial replacement of barley grain by wheat factory sewage (wfs) within three 22-d periods including 16 d of adaptation and 6 d of data collection. the basal diet (wfs0) consisted of 42.5% (dm basis) barley grain, partially replaced with either 23....

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation on growth performance, feeding behavior and physiological responses of Holstein male calves during two different phases of body weight (BW). Twenty six (153.5±9.83 kg of BW) male calves were divided in two groups (n=13) and randomly assigned to treatments: 1) control and 2) Cr-Met (1.1 mg ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate 3 milk replacer (MR) feeding programs on calf performance 4 mo age. Male Holstein calves (n = 48; 2–3 d old) were randomly assigned either a moderate rate MR (MOD; 0.66 kg/d for 39 d, then 0.33 d), an ad libitum (ADLIB; offered twice daily between 0630 and 0830 h 1430 1630 35 or step-up (STEPUP; increased from 0.32 0.62 in first 12 27 d). (25% CP, 18%...

This study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding high protein and low energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 25%, ME 3.6 Mcal/kg DM) with low protein and high energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 21%, ME 4.2 Mcal/kg DM) on feed consumption, body weight (BW) gain, health and selected blood metabolites in Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period. At each feeding, each milk replacer (MR) was prepar...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecium 669 supplementation on performance, health, parasitological, microbiological, and hematological responses pre-weaning dairy calves. Forty-two newborn Holstein female calves [initial body weight (BW) 44 ± 4.5 kg] were used in present study. At birth, ranked by initial BW assigned 1 2 treatment groups: 1) whole milk (CON; n = 21) 2)...

Forty-seven Holstein calves (130 +/- 3.43 kg of BW and 95 +/- 1.5 d of age) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments [intact (INT), n = 23; or castrated (CAS), n = 24] to evaluate the effect of ring castration at 3 mo of age on welfare indicators. Castration was performed with local anesthesia (2% lidocaine, 3 mL in each testis and 2 mL in the scrotum) and analgesia (flunixin meglumine, intramusc...

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Holstein dam’s colostrum and milk on growth rate, immunoglobulin levels, and metabolic traits in Jersey calves produced by embryo transfer: comparison with Holstein calves. All calves received colostrum within half an hour after birth at the rate of 2.4-3.9 L were 10% BW basis, and continued for the first 3 days and milk from after that ...

Two studies were conducted to assess the effect of protein source and microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) inclusion in pelleted starter mixtures on growth performance, gain feed (G:F) ratio, nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites calves. In study 1, 28 Holstein bull calves (8.7 ± 0.8 d age 43.0 4.4 kg; mean SD) allocated 1 4 treatments a 2 × factorial arrangement fed mixture con...

Hill, Stephanie Rene. The Effects of Cottonseed Hulls Added to Diets With and Without Live Yeast or Mannanoligosaccharide in Young Calves (Under the direction of Dr. B. A. Hopkins and Dr. L. W. Whitlow). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fiber in the form of cottonseed hulls (CSH) added to the starter and of live yeast (YST) or mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) added to mi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different breeds and breed crosses on age (AC, d), BW (kg), price (PR, $/kg), and market value (MV, $/calf) of purebred and crossbred calves sold for veal and beef production. The Kovieh wholesale cattle organization (Bolzano, Italy) grouped calves from several dairy herds located in the Trentino-Südtirol region in Italy and sold them by pu...