body's iterative force-field computer program has been used to calculate strain energies in cyclooctanone (i). 348 mhz 1h nmr spectra of (i) have been investigated over the temperature range of 25° to -160°c. two conformation processes affect the 1h nmr spectrum of (i). iterative force-field calculations on the conformations and conformational interconversion paths of (i) give results consisten...

background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

In this paper, we give the complete characterization of the p–torsion subgroups of certain idèle–class groups associated to characteristic p function fields. As an application, we answer a question which arose in the context of Tan’s approach [Ta1] to an important particular case of a generalization of a conjecture of Gross [Gro] on special values of L–functions. 1. Notation and motivation Let ...

background when a primary radiation interacts with a medium, the secondary radiations are produced, that the contribution of these secondary radiation should considered in the calculation of dose. build-up factor is a dosimetric correction factor to assume effect of secondary radiation in calculation of dose. calculation of this factor is very difficult and time consuming. due to significance o...

introduction wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (tps) is important. the objective ...

Lagrangian of a massive particle with spin 3 2 is considered in the Rarita-Schwinger formalism. We discuss implications of the contactand the gauge-transformation on the physical content of free and interacting theories. It is shown that the “contact-invariance” is trivial and has no physical relevance. The requirement of the gauge-invariance of the free lagrangian fixes the off-shell lower-spi...

Body's iterative force-field computer program has been used to calculate strain energies in cyclooctanone (I). 348 MHZ 1H NMR spectra of (I) have been investigated over the temperature range of 25° to -160°C. Two conformation processes affect the 1H NMR spectrum of (I). Iterative force-field calculations on the conformations and conformational interconversion paths of ...