purpose: to assess the effect of emla® cream application without occlusive dressing on pain on needling (pn) and pain on injection (pi) felt during multiple botulinum toxin type a (bta) injections for correction of hyperkinetic upper facial lines methods: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 44 subjects seeking upper facial wrinkles correct...

PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the three-dimensional (3D) facial changes after orthognathic surgery by evaluating the spherical coordinates of facial lines using 3D computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 19-year-old girl was diagnosed with class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. Orthognathic surgery was performed after orthodontic treatment. Facial CT scans were taken befo...

PURPOSE This study aimed to measure the bilateral differences of facial lines in spherical coordinates from faces within a normal range of asymmetry utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS CBCT scans from 22 females with normal symmetric-looking faces (mean age 24 years and 8 months) were selected for the study. The average menton deviation was 1.01±0.66 mm. The ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare asymmetric mandibular prognathism individuals with symmetric mandibular prognathism individuals using a new alternate spherical coordinate system. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of 47 computed tomographic images of patients with mandibular prognathism. The patients were classified into symmetric and asymmetric groups. Mandibular and...

templates are very useful tools for diagnosis of malocclusions. a number of templates have been provided for some populations in previous years. since craniofacial characteristics of different ethnic groups are not the same, each population needs its own norms. the aim of this study was to provide orthodontic craniofacial templates for 8-16 year old iranian boys and compare dentoskeletal featur...

Our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of facial lines, wrinkles, and furrows has broadened the treatment options for a variety of facial cosmetic blemishes. The persistence or recurrence of certain facial rhytids after surgery has confirmed the lack of full comprehension of their origin. Glabellar forehead furrows (frown lines) and lateral canthal rhytids (crow's feet) have been the...