BACKGROUND The need for reoperation or wound infection treatments between pulsatile and gravity irrigation are statistically equivalent, however, it is unclear which method maximizes operative efficiency and expeditious irrigation. In this study we set out to determine the differences in irrigation rate between these various treatment methods. METHODS This was an ex-vivo experimental laborato...

A seismic and gravity survey along the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada, California, between southern Owens Valley and the Garlock fault, outlines a series of basins with maximum depths ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 ft. These basins follow the front of the Sierra Nevada in a continuous chain with one interruption of about 10 miles near Little Lake. The gravity anomalies indicate that the basins...

We consider a bosonic σ–model coupled to two–dimensional gravity. In the semiclassical limit, c → −∞, we compute the gravity dressing of the β–functions at two–loop order in the matter fields. We find that the corrections due to the presence of dynamical gravity are not expressible simply in terms of a multiplicative factor as previously obtained at the one–loop level. Our result indicates that...

In recent years several Parameter Identification (PID) techniques have been proposed for on-line real-time applications. Historically aircraft parameter estimation has been performed off line using recorded flight data from specifically designed maneuvers. Flight data from the NASA F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) aircraft is used for this study and is compared with baseline wind tunne...

When we use mathematical tools, such as differential equations, probability, or systems of linear equations, to describe a real-world situation, we say that we are employing a mathematical model. Such models must be sufficiently sophisticated to capture the essential features of the situation, while remaining computationally manageable. In this chapter we are interested in one particular type o...

NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has developed a flush airdata sensing (FADS) system on a sharp-nosed, wedge-shaped vehicle. This paper details the design and calibration of a real-time angle-ofattack estimation scheme developed to meet the onboard airdata measurement requirements for a research vehicle equipped with a supersonic-combustion ramjet engine. The FADS system has been designed to ...

Longitudinal wind shear flight control laws are developed for the dynamics of a twin-jet transport aircraft using nonlinear dynamic inversion. Time-scale decomposition simplifies controller design by partitioning it into slow and fast time scales. The effects of time-varying winds are explicitly considered in the derivation of the controllers. Three inverting controllers are developed and evalu...

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared by formic acid hydrolysis and TEMPO- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl-) mediated oxidation. The CNCs reinforced into biopolymers chitosan (CHI), alginate (ALG), gelatin (GEL) to obtain “CNC-ALG-GEL” “CNC-CHI-GEL” hydrogels. synthesized hydrogels characterized for physicochemical, thermal, structural characterization using Fourier transform infrar...