b a c k g r o u n d & aim: the excess hazard rate proposed by andersen and vaeth may underestimate the long-term excess hazard rate for cancer survival. zahl explained the phenomenon by continuous selection of the most robust individuals after diagnosis. he applied correlated inverse gaussian and gamma  frailty  models  to estimate  excess  intensity  and reached  a better  estimate  of the rat...

Abstract We consider a public firm characterized by moral hazard problem. A distinguished player is CEO or activist shareholder who (i) unrestricted to trade shares and (ii) has discretion increase the value of this exerting costly effort. von Lilienfeld-Toal Rünzi (J Finance 69(3):1013–1050, 2014) investigate confirm empirical relevance both these properties. This article shows that cannot be ...

Background: There have been growing concerns about environmental pollution and public health issues associated with metal(loid)s and radionuclides. As a baseline for monitorisation, radioactivity and specific metal(loid) levels have been measured to investigate the estimated environmental health risks in Igdir province at the Turkish side of the border, in the vicinity of the Metsamor Nuclear P...

The goal of relative survival methodology is to compare the survival experience of a cohort with that of the background population. Most often an additive excess hazard model is employed, which assumes that each person's hazard is a sum of 2 components--the population hazard obtained from life tables and an excess hazard attributable to the specific condition. Usually covariate effects on the e...

BACKGROUND In medical research, one common competing risks situation is the study of different types of events, such as disease recurrence and death. We focused on that situation but considered death under two aspects: "expected death" and "excess death", the latter could be directly or indirectly associated with the disease. METHODS The excess hazard method allows estimating an excess mortal...

Relative survival is the standard measure of excess mortality due to cancer in population-based cancer survival studies. In relative survival analysis, the observed hazard for cancer patients is the sum of the expected hazard for the general cancer-free population and the excess hazard associated with a cancer diagnosis. Previous models for relative survival analysis have assumed that the exces...