the nature of war (mühārebeh)   mehdi esmaeli [1]     abstract:   the verse 33 of ma’deh addresses criminalization of war (mühārebeh) and corruption on earth (efsad-fel-arz),  but has not provided any definition of such terms. some jurists consider such terms as one and the same while there are others who differentiate them. indications relevant to addictions to murder, igniting homes, witching...

This paper attempts to present the Taoist understanding of evil. In the Taoist tradition, especially in Tao Te Ching, evil is divided into two categories: causal evil and consequential evil. Causal evils are those evils that are said to be the causes of other evils; consequential evils are those that are said to be the consequences of the causal evils. Causal evils originate from human will, an...

The world has always been a dangerous place, and it remains so. There are different kinds of dangers, for there are different kinds of evils. Some of those evils are termed natural evils, some others, moral evils. Both of them are called evils for they cause death, sickness, devastation. Natural evil like death by old age is a common human lot. Other natural evils, like earthquakes or the pesti...

one of the most important and disputable problems in philosophy of religion is “the problem of evil”. at the course of the history, theologians have put forward different solutions to this problem. one of them which have been propounded by some western philosophers and almost all islamic philosophers, is called the doctrine of “inexistency of evils” so the main purpose of this article is as fol...

BACKGROUND Turf soil bacterial isolate Delftia sp. VM4 can degrade exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), hence it effectively attenuates the virulence of bacterial soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain BR1 (Pcc BR1) as a consequence of quorum sensing inhibition. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Isolated Delftia sp. VM4 can grow in minimal medium supplemente...

Dormandy argues that stubborn counterevidence provides a reason for Evidentialists to form negative beliefs about God. Focusing on ‘horrendous evils’ as kind of counterevidence, I discuss two possible interpretations Dormandy’s account (a stronger and weaker view). Against the view, consider case Committed Theistic Evidentialist, is, an evidentialist who possesses defeater belief against horren...

Adhesive high-level replacement (HLR) systems have been recently established as a suitable categorical framework for double pushout transformations based on weak adhesive HLR categories. Among different types of graphs and graph-like structures, various kinds of Petri nets and algebraic high-level (AHL) nets are interesting instantiations of adhesive HLR systems. AHL nets combine algebraic spec...

Adhesive high-level replacement (HLR) systems have been recently established as a suitable categorical framework for double pushout transformations based on weak adhesive HLR categories. Among different types of graphs and graph-like structures, various kinds of Petri nets and algebraic high-level (AHL) nets are interesting instantiations of adhesive HLR systems. AHL nets combine algebraic spec...

The chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Nitrosospira multiformis is involved in affecting the process of nitrogen cycling. Here we report the existence and characterization of a functional quorum sensing signal synthase in N. multiformis. One gene (nmuI) playing a role in generating a protein with high levels of similarity to N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase protein families was identified....