over the past three decades vertical price transmission analysis has been the subject of considerable attention in applied agricultural conomics. it has been argued that the existence of asymmetric price transmission generates rents for marketing and processing agents. retail prices allegedly move faster upwards than downwards in response to farm level pricemovements. this is an important issue...

mazandaran province is one of the most important agricultural areas in iran. researches findings show that the role of bank credits is really important due to the lack of available funds in agricultural sector. in this study, the relationship between allocation of agricultural bank credits of iran as professional bank section and agricultural employment was studied in the mazandaran province ba...

the iranian poultry sector has experienced many significant structural changes in recent years. such changes may have influenced price dynamics and transmission of shocks through marketing channels especially on retail markets. this paper investigate price transmission, threshold behavior and asymmetric adjustment in poultry sector of ardebil (ar), east azerbaijan (ea) and west azerbaijan (wa) ...

A small macroeconomic model is constructed starting from a German money demand relation for M3 based on quarterly, seasonally unadjusted data for the period from 1976 to 1996. In contrast to previous studies we build a vector error correction model for M3, GNP, an innation rate and an interest rate spread variable to represent opportunity costs of holding money. Furthermore, import price innati...

this paper develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in termsof a crowding out or crowding in effect on the activity of the privatesector for the economies of iran and algeria as two mena countries,(because of its economic structures (dependence on oil revenue)) duringthe period 1970-2012 by using cointegration and vector errorcorrection approaches. the analysis confirms the existence of...