Background: There are different etiological factors in spontaneous recurrent abortion which are one of the complications in pregnancy. Primary embryo development in uterine tube and oviduct are affected by different factors such as embryotrophic elements. ETF3 as a embryotrophic factor that contains a complex of complement 3 protein and its derivatives specially iC3b, causes embryo trophoblast ...

Background: The organochlorine DDT has estrogenic activity but the mechanism underlying the estrogenic activity of this pesticide remains unclear. In the present investigation here, we studied the transcriptional effects of a synthetic organochlorine pesticide o,p’-DDT [1.1.1.-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-p-chloriphenyl ethane] and its metabolite p,p'-DDE (2-2-bis(4/chlorophenyl)-1-1-di...

background: the organochlorine ddt has estrogenic activity but the mechanism underlying the estrogenic activity of this pesticide remains unclear. in the present investigation here, we studied the transcriptional effects of a synthetic organochlorine pesticide o,p’-ddt [1.1.1.-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-p-chloriphenyl ethane] and its metabolite p,p'-dde (2-2-bis(4/chlorophenyl)-1-1-dic...

background: miscarriage is one of the most common pregnancy complications for which various causes have been defined, such as genetic factors, infectious, metabolic, endocrine systemmal function and immune system undesired responses. the early development of embryo occurs in oviduct and uterine tube from which some factors such as growth factors, glyco-proteins and factors those stimulate devel...

The use of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) reporter constructs in molecular physiology enables the inclusion of large sections of flanking DNA, likely to contain regulatory elements and enhancers regions that contribute to the transcriptional output of a gene. Using BAC recombineering, we have manipulated a 160-kb human prolactin luciferase (hPRL-Luc) BAC construct and mutated the previou...

BACKGROUND: Some of metal ions as environmental pollutants show estrogenic activity. This xenostrogenic compounds can be caused carcinogenicity in organs. The mechanism of carcinogenicity of metal ions is not clarified. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the Transcriptional effects of variety of metal ions on the bovine oxytocin and the thymidine kinase-ERE promoter by estrogen receptor...

Background: Phytoestrogens, a group of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have recently come into considerable attention due to the increasing information on their potential adverse effects in human health. Some of phytoestrogens show estrogenic activity that may be carcinogenic for human. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional effects of variety of phytoestrogens&nbsp...

The effects of E2 on the high-density lipoprotein receptor (HDL-R) scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) gene were examined. Four putative estrogen response element half-site motifs (ERE(1/2)) (-2176, -1726, -1622, and -1211, designated ERE(1/2)-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were identified in the HDL-R SR-BI promoter. Transfection studies and mutation analysis demonstrated that E2 signific...

Claudin-5 is an integral membrane protein and a critical component of endothelial tight junctions that control paracellular permeability. Claudin-5 is expressed at high levels in the brain vascular endothelium. Estrogens have multiple effects on vascular physiology and function. The biological actions of estrogens are mediated by two different estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER alpha and ER be...

background: some of metal ions as environmental pollutants show estrogenic activity. this xenostrogenic compounds can be caused carcinogenicity in organs. the mechanism of carcinogenicity of metal ions is not clarified. objectives: in this study, we investigated the transcriptional effects of variety of metal ions on the bovine oxytocin and the thymidine kinase-ere promoter by estrogen receptor...