The history of 'electroshock therapy' (now known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)) in Europe in the Third Reich is still a neglected chapter in medical history. Since Thomas Szasz's 'From the Slaughterhouse to the Madhouse', prejudices have hindered a thorough historical analysis of the introduction and early application of electroshock therapy during the period of National Socialism and the ...

PURPOSE Pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock rodent seizure models are commonly used to detect antiepileptic efficacy in drug development. The aim of this research was to evaluate the predictive capabilities of pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock models in estimating human exposures required for antiepileptic efficacy through a survey of current literature. METHODS A literature...

Group-housed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a series of 4 exposures to electroconvulsive shock therapy or equivalent handling without shock (sham treatment). Twenty-four hours after the final treatment the rats were given vehicle or one of two doses of morphine intraperitoneally, and motor activity was assessed by remote sensing for 60 min. A significant shift of the normal dose-resp...

Plasma cortisol and glucose levels were measured in 36 adult Nile tilapia males, Oreochromis niloticus (standard length, mean +/- SD, 14.38 +/- 1.31 cm), subjected to electroshock and social stressors. Pre-stressor levels were determined 5 days after the adjustment of the fish to the experimental aquaria (1 fish/aquarium). Five days later, the effects of stressors on both cortisol and glucose l...

The protective effect of the petroleum ether fraction of the indigenous drug Cardiospermum halicacabum against electroshock induced convulsions in rats was studied. Alcoholic extract of the petroleum ether fraction of Cardiospermum halicacabum in the dose of 350 mg/kg body weight was effectively reduced the extensor an flexor component of tonic convulsions in electroshock induced convulsions in...

EARLY in 1950 we treated 34 depressed patients with desoxyephedrine, in an attempt to discover whether it is comparable in efficiency to electroshock in the treatment of depression in a substantial proportion of cases. We origin ally intended to treat approximately 100 consecutive depressed patients admitted to hospital, and to compare the results with those obtained in the previous 200 consecu...

considerable interest has been focused on the triazole structure, which has been known to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant activities. before this, several heterocyclic compounds containing triazole were synthesized that had shown considerable anticonvulsant activity. as part of our continuous re...