Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency induces fat malabsorption, but the pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Bile salts (BS) and EFA-rich biliary phospholipids affect dietary fat solubilization and chylomicron formation, respectively. We investigated whether altered biliary BS and/or phospholipid secretion mediate EFA deficiency-induced fat malabsorption in mice. Free virus breed (FVB) mic...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether short-term zinc deficiency in the early neonatal period would exacerbate the effects of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on liver and brain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) composition, as well as on behavioral development in artificially reared rat pups. Using a 2 3 2 factorial design, male Long-Evans rat pups were reare...

A jet of fresh gas entering the trachea during the last part of expiration, expiratory flushing of airways (EFA), may during mechanical ventilation bring the fresh gas interface into the trachea to reduce deadspace. EFA, delivered in a variety of modes, was tested in healthy dogs. EFA allowed tidal volume, peak and mean airway pressure to be reduced by about 25%. EFA was administered in the for...

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency during cholestasis is mainly due to malabsorption of dietary EFA (23). Theoretically, dietary phospholipids (PL) may have a higher bioavailability than dietary triglycerides (TG) during cholestasis. We developed murine models for EFA deficiency (EFAD) with and without extrahepatic cholestasis and compared the efficacy of oral supplementation of EFA as PL or...

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in mice induces fat malabsorption. We previously reported indications that the underlying mechanism is located at the level of the intestinal mucosa. We have investigated the effects of EFA deficiency on small intestinal morphology and function. Mice were fed an EFA-deficient or control diet for 8 wk. A 72-h fat balance, the EFA status, and small intestinal...

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been said to be the most frequently used multivariate analysis technique in statistics. Jennrich and Sampson (1966) solved a significant EFA factor loading matrix rotation problem by deriving the direct Quartimin rotation. Jennrich was also the first to develop standard errors for rotated solutions although these have still not made their way into most stat...

In this paper, we propose a very effectively filtering approach (EFA) to enhance network traffic performance for high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol in smart grids. The EFA combines a novel filtering technique for QuadBox rings (FQR) with two existing filtering techniques, including quick removing (QR) and port locking (PL), to effectively reduce redundant unicast traffic withi...

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in mice decreases plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and increases hepatic TG content. We evaluated in vivo and in vitro whether decreased hepatic secretion of TG-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contributes to this consequence of EFA deficiency. EFA deficiency was induced in mice by feeding an EFA-deficient (EFAD) diet for 8 wk. Hepatic VLDL s...

At the cusp tip of rodent molar, there is a region of dentin without an enamel cap. This region is called enamel free area (EFA). The surface collagen arrangement has been reported to differ between the EFA and the dentin covered with the enamel (DCE). To clarify the cause of this difference, we observed the ultrastructure of the basement membrane and the distal ends of the inner enamel epithel...

AIM Essential fatty acids (EFAs), also known as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have been claimed to have beneficial effects as a treatment for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Animal experiments have provided information about the role of EFA in the brain, and several mechanisms of EFA activity are well known. The current review provides an updated, systematic overview of the ...