This study aims to measure the production capacity and capacity utilization in pharmaceutical industry. The capacity utilization is the ratio of actual production level to the potential production level which shows the gap between real production and production capacity. Method: Through econometric methods, the short-run translog cost function is estimated with the cost share function of produ...

This study aims to measure the production capacity and capacity utilization in pharmaceutical industry. The capacity utilization is the ratio of actual production level to the potential production level which shows the gap between real production and production capacity. Method: Through econometric methods, the short-run translog cost function is estimated with the cost share function of produ...

stock return is usually considered to be affected by firm’s financial ratios as well as economic variables. fundamental method assume that stock returns is not solely related to the stock market. most result come from the company condition , industry situation and whole economy. in this paper, this relationship between stock return and fundamentals is studied using the data for 22 pharmaceutica...

C linical research by academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies has followed the general trend of globalization and has moved inexorably towards lowand middle-income countries (LMIC). This trend has raised various concerns, including whether the research being conducted is of value to public health in these countries or whether economically disadvantaged populations are being exploited...

OBJECTIVES Pharmaceutical supply chain is a significant component of the health system in supplying medicines, particularly in countries where main drugs are provided by local pharmaceutical companies. No previous studies exist assessing risks and disruptions in pharmaceutical companies while assessing the pharmaceutical supply chain. Any risks affecting the pharmaceutical companies could disru...

OBJECTIVE Access to medicines has long been and remains a challenge in African countries. The impact of medicines registration policies in these countries poses a challenge for pharmaceutical companies wanting to register medicines in these countries. The recent AMRHI (African Medicines Registration Harmonisation Initiative) has increased the focus on the need for harmonisation. Medicines regis...

China's Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards that mainly parallel WHO standards were made compulsory in 2004. However, GMP implementation had both positive as well as negative impacts on the pharmaceutical industry, with negatives including pharmaceutical companies suffering economic hardships, poor execution of GMP standards, and sequent health scares. This report briefly describes the ...