نتایج جستجو برای: e primary energy and arrival directions (zenith angel ѳ
تعداد نتایج: 17530961 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
the phenomena of extensive air shower (eas) are produced by the collision of primary cosmic rays (cr) with energy more than ev with the atmospheric molecules. as a result the electron and muon components (cascades) of eas develop through the air. the study of such cascades gives important information about the primary cr mass composition as well as its astrophysical origin models. one of the e...
When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unc...
We present the results of an analysis of the large angular scale distribution of the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 4 EeV detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory including for the first time events with zenith angle between 60° and 80°. We perform two Rayleigh analyses, one in the right ascension and one in the azimuth angle distributions, that are sensitive to modulations...
Muon-electron ratio and median zenith angle of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) is calculated for the energy range of 1019 to bigger than 1020 eV. The results are compared with the simulation work of Capdevielle et al [1]. The results show a good correspondence with proton primary composition up to energy level of 7×1019 eV. In higher energies above GZK cut off, a considerable increase is calculated ...
A survey of the northern hemisphere for astrophysical point sources with continuous emission of high-energy cosmic rays is presented. Around 4:7 ; 10 extensive air showers with primary energies above 300 TeV measured by the KASCADE detector field are selected for this analysis. Besides the sky survey, a search for signal excess in the regions of the Galactic plane and of selected point-source c...
Cosmic rays are atomic nuclei arriving from outer space that reach the highest energies observed in nature. Clues to their origin come from studying the distribution of their arrival directions. Using 3×104 cosmic rays above 8×1018 electron volts, recorded with the Pierre Auger Observatory from a total exposure of 76,800 square kilometers steradian year, we report an anisotropy in the arrival d...
The southern site of the Pierre Auger Observatory is under the construction near Malargue in Argentina and now more than 60% of the detectors are completed. The observatory has been collecting data for over 1 year and the cumulative exposure is already similar to that of the largest forerunner experiments. The hybrid technique provides model-independent energy measurements from the Fluorescence...
The increasing cosmic ray statistics collected by present experiments and the future prospects with new large arrays demand accurate calculations of the extensive air shower parameters (EAS). The energy of the primary particle is estimated by ground arrays fitting a lateral distribution function (LDF) to the particle densities at a given observing level. However, the lack of appropriate paramet...
Monte Carlo simulations show that the pulse profile of Čerenkov photons measured near the core of an extensive air shower is sensitive to the secondary muon/electron ratio of the cascade. Čerenkov pulses can easily be measured with a single large area mirror viewed by a photomultiplier tube subtending a small field of view (∼ 1◦). Even for such a simple experiment, exposed to EAS from a range o...
a one dimensional dynamic model for a riser reactor in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit (fccu) for gasoil feed has been developed in two distinct conditions, one for industrial fccu and another for fccu using various frequencies of microwave energy spaced at the height of the riser reactor (fccu-mw). in addition, in order to increase the accuracy of component and bulk diffusion, instanta...
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