the wto is an international organization which arranges international commercial rules and disputes settlements. increasingly joining of countries to the wto and movement for freedom of commercial regime in industrial or developing countries are deniable testimonies for globalization. gradual reduction of tariff and competition in exports and internal markets by their advantages have jeopardize...

This essay examines the need for and slow progress towards a revision of Anti-Dumping Agreement. There are ongoing negotiations on Agreement, but they without positive outcomes. Several reasons account this failure such as deadlock in Doha Development Round, mega trade agreements unwillingness top anti-dumping users to engage meaningful reform. In paper, alternative solutions proposed settle hi...

Anti-dumping rules are flexible and open to political bias. This is a concern repeated all over the world. All jurisdictions tailor their anti-dumping laws to WTO rules, but this still leaves a significant amount of discretion as to how decisions are made. In the EU, the lack of transparency in anti-dumping decision making further heightens suspicions that it is not always driven by sound econo...

Abstract This paper analyzes the Australia – Anti-Dumping Measures on A4 Copy Paper panel report, second recent WTO dispute to involve a challenge Indonesia's industry. The Indonesian industry benefits from reduced-cost inputs because of government's influence and subsidies over timber pulp market. report offers first interpretation ‘particular market situation’ under Article 2.2 WTO's Agreemen...

Introduction The dumping syndrome is frequent in bariatric surgery. It is probably the most common syndrome following partial or complete gastrectomy. Its prevalence in partial gastrectomy can reach up to 50%, thus it can be a significant complication arising from some types of bariatric surgeries. Objective: Critical analysis on dumping syndrome, its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment...

Bariatric surgery is most commonly carried out in women of childbearing age. Whilst fertility rates are improved, pregnancy following bariatric surgery poses several challenges. Whilst rates of many adverse maternal and foetal outcomes in obese women are reduced after bariatric surgery, pregnancy is best avoided for 12-24 months to reduce the potential risk of intrauterine growth retardation. D...