Type 2 diabetes causes structural and functional changes in the myocardium, which is called cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct primary disorder process, independent of coronary artery disease, which leads to heart failure in diabetic patients. Also, DCM is a multifaceted disorder that is one of the leading causes of death in elderly and postmenopausal women. Menopause i...

peraxisome prolifrator-activated receptors (ppars) are a group of nuclear receptors comprising three isoforms termed alpha, beta/delta and gamma. ppars can modulate metabolic processes especially fatty acid (fa) metabolisms via exerting transcriptional control on activating genes involved in fuel utilization. thus, they can exert positive role in controlling chronic diseases such as diabetes. a...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major complications among patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is featured by left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and damaged left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. The pathophysiological mechanisms include metabolic-altered substrate metabolism, dysfunction of microvascular, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and lipotoxicity; its nature insidious, complex difficult to treat. NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the maturation release pro-inflammatory cytokines, participates in pathophysiological processes such as resistance addition being closely related deve...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common heart disease. The Phase II enzyme inducer (CPDT) is a complex enzyme that promotes the expression of antioxidant enzymes through activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); these compounds have been shown to protect against oxidative stress. However, whether these compounds have similar protective effects in DCM still remains unclear...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) may serve as a predictive biomarker for cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a diabetic cardiomyopathic rat model. Using male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in a prospective, randomized, controlled study, a diabetic type II animal model was established by injection with streptozotocin. The diabetic group and the diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC...

Patients with diabetes have an increased incidence of heart failure, even after analyses have controlled for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Thus, as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has become a well recognized entity among clinicians, a better understanding of its development is necessary for the early diagnosis and the future treatment of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. In...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) or diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction is a direct consequence of uncontrolled metabolic syndrome and is widespread in US population and worldwide. Despite of the heterogeneous and distinct features of DCM, the clinical relevance of DCM is now becoming established. DCM progresses to pathological cardiac remodeling with the higher risk of heart attack and subsequen...

Although ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasingly recognized as a clinically relevant entity. Considering that it comprises a variety of mechanisms and effects on cardiac function, increasing the risk of heart failure and worsening the prognosis of this patient category, DCM represents an important complication of dia...

Background Diastolic dysfunction is traditionally believed to be the first subclinical manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), leading systolic and then overt heart failure. However, in last few years, several studies suggested that measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) may appear ahead diastolic dysfunction. In this review, main endpoint show whether myocardial appears im...