abstract the problems caused by the traditional system of criminal justice (which are based on remuneration and rehabilitation) such as, lack of attention to victim’s rights and position and society, underlie the emergence of restorative justice which had the victim-centered perspective, with respect to the role of the offender and participation of civil society. meanwhile, criminal mediation ...

the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

Impleader claim is one of ancillary suits which permit to the parties to implead third person to the action and became that person one of parties. The Iran civil procedure code, unlike some other countries for example Lebanon no attention to purposes of Impleader claim and in Article 135 the subject is expressed in general terms. With attention to generally speaking of this Article and re...