This study has aimed to compare the effects of two types of form-focused instruction, i.e. de-contextualized focus-on-forms instruction versus meaning-centered contextualized focus-on-form instruction, on the development of grammatical knowledge of Iranian high-school students. Two groups of male high-school first graders participated in this study.  One group was taught through de-contextualiz...

Focus on form has received considerable attention as researchers and theorists have enthusiastically embraced an integration of meaning-focused and form-focused instruction in the L2 classroom. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to delve deeply into elucidating different taxonomies subsumed under the specious polarization of Focus on Form (FoF) and Focus on Forms (FoFs). It then offers ...

We examine the value of fund of funds (FoFs) using a new database of the funds’ hedge fund holdings. This data allows a first ever look at the types of hedge funds that FoFs select, as well the ability to gauge the FoFs’ skill at hiring and firing hedge fund managers. We find that FoFs hire larger, younger, and more illiquid hedge funds that have positive past performance. FoFs select hedge fun...

In the twenty-first century, educators must tackle issue of modern period. The results study will assist school administrators in providing guidance to all English teachers regarding adoption contextualized instruction teaching students order achieve lifelong learning that can be applied their real life. With a mean 1.032, fluency and accuracy 31 pupils fall into category needing improvement. m...

We examine whether funds of hedge funds (FoFs) engage in costly fire sales of their hedge fund investments during the 2004–2011 period. We find that FoFs experiencing large outflows tend to liquidate holdings in funds with relatively few redemption restrictions (“liquid funds”), even when these funds perform well. A tracking portfolio that buys liquid funds involved in fire sales over the prior...

An experiment explored the impact of explicit guidance (instruction) on the use of abstract symbols or life-like depictions to represent engineering problems. The study examines the effects of guiding learners in the use of abstract or contextualized representations of engineering problems. The study had a 2 (representation conditions: abstract text with abstract diagrams (AA) and contextualize...

This study was designed to determine the effect of contextualized advisement and competition on transfer of mathematics skills in a computer-based simulation game in which participants helped their “aunt and uncle” fix up a house. Contextualized advisement referred to whether the participant had access to video-based advisement delivered by the aunt and uncle about how to solve the problem, and...

Recent research and reform efforts in science education have consistently stressed the importance of coherent instruction, which learning opportunities are connected contextualized b...

This is a review of evidence for contextualization, defined here as an instructional approach connecting foundational skills and college-level content. Two forms of contextualization are identified, contextualized and integrated instruction. Despite methodological limitations, the available studies suggest that contextualization has the potential to accelerate the progress of academically under...

In this study, we have developed a system called FIMA (Flexible Instructional Design Support Multi-Agent System) which supports teachers dynamically in designing instruction by facilitating their thinking in ways characteristic of expert teachers’ thought processes: 1) multiple viewpoints thinking, 2) contextualized thinking and 3) problem framing and reframing strategy. We especially focus on ...