having briefly been reviewed the historical process of changing the formulae for determining the times of islamic prayers, two newly found formulae and a new rule for establishing the times of prayers would be discussed. these matters have been exploited from four texts, still preserved as manuscript: (1) siyyid ¾?y? al-d?n sh?shtar?’s ¼ad b?b dar macrifa al-a½??rl?b, (2) b?r?n?’s ’ist?c?b f? c...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) contributes to nearly 50% of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease cases in the United States (1). Despite clinical trials that have affirmed the importance of glycemic control and the provision of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for slowing progression of DN, the burden of disease continues to increase (2). Therefore further mechani...

We thank Polesel et al for their comments on our study (1) and agree that the relation between obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors is modulated by comorbidities and/or by medications for treating chronic diseases. In this context, as rightly pointed out, sleep disorders are known to be associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities, and because sleep-disordered breathing is more common in o...

for the first time in the history of logic, abd al razzaq al-jili (d. 570/1174), in the treatise al-lame fi al-shakl al-rabe, dealt with the modal syllogisms of the fourth figure. previous to him, dinha, the priest, and ibn salah al-hamadani had discussed the non-modal moods of the fourth figure. jili’s treatise deals only with simple modalities and ignores the complex ones. his pupil, fakhr al...

1. Concha M, Casares J, Ross DN, González-Lavín L, Franco M, Mesa D, et al. Reemplazamiento valvular aórtico con autoinjerto pulmonar (operación de Ross), en pacientes adultos y pediátricos. Estudio preliminar. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1999;52:113-20. 2. Rus C, Mesa D, Concha M, Casares J, Suárez de Lezo J, Delgado M, et al. Resultados a corto plazo en la técnica de Ross. ¿Influye la etiología de la va...

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes with rising prevalence worldwide. We aimed to explore the anti-DN mechanisms compound celastrol derived from medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii. Methods: Celastrol-related targets were obtained Herbal Ingredients’ Targets (HIT) and GeneCards databases. DN-related retrieved GeneCards, DisGeNET, T...

1. Concha M, Casares J, Ross DN, González-Lavín L, Franco M, Mesa D, et al. Reemplazamiento valvular aórtico con autoinjerto pulmonar (operación de Ross), en pacientes adultos y pediátricos. Estudio preliminar. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1999;52:113-20. 2. Rus C, Mesa D, Concha M, Casares J, Suárez de Lezo J, Delgado M, et al. Resultados a corto plazo en la técnica de Ross. ¿Influye la etiología de la va...