few studies have been conducted on the causative factors associated with the development of cancer. infection by high risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been implicated as causative agents in a variety of cancers. hpv is capable of evading immune system and establishing persistent infections. prolonged infection and lesion maintenance are associated with higher risk of neoplastic progressi...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and HAM/TSP is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. HAM/TSP is an inflamma...

In this paper, we propose and investigate a fractional diffusive model for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with capsids immune response presented by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells. We derive the conditions global asymptotic stability of steady states in terms basic reproduction number R 0 1 . By constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, it is shown that infection-free equilibrium glo...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; B-cell: B lymphocyte; CTL: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte; ELISA: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay; Env: Envelope; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; TAP: Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing;...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and ham/tsp is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. ham/tsp is an inflamma...

background: cervical cancer has been shown to be highly associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the viral oncogenes e6 and e7 are constantly expressed by the tumor cells and are therefore potent targets for therapeutic genetic vaccination. in the present study, it was investigated the potential effect of hpv-16 e6, e7 and l1 co-administration to activate specific cytotoxic t lymph...

CD4+ T cells promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anticancer immune responses. We have recently identified ideal tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-derived long peptides (LPs) that elicit not only TAA-specific TH1 response, but also CTLs, through cross-presentation. The LP-specific TH1 cell responses were augmented in cancer patients vaccinated with CTL epitopes. Our findings support the c...

The relative immaturity of the neonatal immune system limits CD4(+) Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, and represents a significant challenge for the development of vaccines against intracellular pathogens. In this report, we demonstrate the ability of a non-replicative delivery system based on parvovirus-like particles (VLP) to induce CTL responses in the neonatal period. A single...

Backgrounds: Most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against HCV is of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of HCV non-Structural Protein 2 and IL-12 DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: A plasmid encoding full-length HCV NS2 prot...

Spleen cells from mice treated with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) and cultured at suboptimal concentrations do not generate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to allogeneic tumor cells. The reduced response of spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice is not due to the elimination of CTL precursors because normal responses are obtained by the addition of a helper factor(s) derived fro...