This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), with a focus on fibrosis. Several studies reported that CD4+ T cells cytotoxic activity promoted by secretion granzyme and perforin, (CD4+CTLs), disease-specific activated B cells, infiltrated inflamed tissues cooperated to induce tissue fibrosis autoimmune fibrotic diseases such as IgG4-...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for almost a fifth all deaths. Annual computed tomographic lung screening (CTLS) detects at earlier stages and reduces mortality among high-risk individuals. Many medical organizations, including U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, recommend annual CTLS in populations. However, fewer than 5% individuals worldwide h...

Abstract There have been significant developments in clinical, experimental, and theoretical approaches to understand the biomechanics of tumor cells immune cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are regarded as a major antitumor mechanism Mathematical modeling growth is an important useful tool observe clinical phenomena analytically. This work develops novel two-variable mathematical model des...

Background:  Natural Killer cells express killer inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-class I molecules.  These receptors could induce signals that determine NK cells ability to mediate cytotoxicity.  Purified soluble form of HLA class I molecules (sHLA) could bind to NK cell receptors and down-regulate the NK killer function. Objective:  To evaluate the influence of sHLA and two monoclonal an...

Perovskite solar cells have potential to deliver terawatt-scale power via low-cost manufacturing. However, scaling is limited by slow, high-temperature annealing of the inorganic transport layers and lack reliable, large-area methods for depositing thin (< 30 nm) charge (CTLs). We present a method ultrathin NiOx hole (HTLs) pairing high-speed (60 m/min) flexographic printing with rapidly anneal...

The efficacy of antigen-specific CD8(+) CTLs depends not only on the quantity of CTLs generated but also perhaps, more importantly, on the avidity of the CTLs. To date, however, no strategy has been shown to preferentially induce higher-avidity human CTLs. In the present study, antigen-presenting cells (APC) generated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with a recombinan...

We investigated the efficacy of human melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in treating experimental human melanoma metastases in a nude mouse model of adoptive immunotherapy. Hepatic metastases were generated by the intrasplenic injection of 1.5 x 10(6) human melanoma cells. Animals were then randomized to receive saline, interleukin-2 only, or CTLs and interleukin-2. CTLs were effective ...

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a pivotal role in the control of infection. Activated CTLs, however, often lose effector function during chronic infection. PD-1 receptor and its ligand PD-L1 of the B7/CD28 family function as a T cell coinhibitory pathway and are emerging as major regulators converting effector CTLs into exhausted CTLs during chronic infection with human immunodeficiency...