abstract in the past twenty-five years, the russian government has been faced with widespread corruption and despite many efforts it hasn’t been able to control that. according to transparency international report in 2013, this country was the 127th among 177 countries. this essay tries to analyze the role of administrative oligarchy and continuity of corruption in russia. the main question of ...

Public sector corruption has long-term and damaging effects that are deep and broad. Addressing corruption relies on understanding the drivers that precipitate acts of corruption and developing educational programs that target areas of vulnerability. This paper provides an innovative approach to explore the nature of corruption by drawing on the perceptions and ideas of a group of public servan...

Vulnerabilities in software programs made possible the widespread and frequent occurrence of malware outbreaks. Extensive research has been devoted to detection and prevention of control hijacking attacks due to their prevalence. The non-control data attacks are not yet so prevalent, but, as more and more avenues are closed for the malicious software authors they will gain

We discuss a procedure proposed by Voas, Payne & Cohen [6] for detecting the existence of software corruption in real time. In particular, we discuss problems posed by the concurrent execution of programs. In the cases where the proposed method may work, corruption is unlikely to be a problem; and where corruption by viruses and Trojans are a problem, major problems with the method remain.

The purpose of this legislation is to promote good governance by helping other countries combat corruption and improve government transparency and accountability. U.S. agencies spent about $33 million per year in fiscal years 2001–2002 providing anticorruption assistance to 22 sub-Saharan African countries. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) provided the majority of this assi...

Memory-related program failures in multithreaded programs can be caused by a variety of bugs. Concurrency bugs can occur due to unexpected or incorrect thread interleavings during execution. Other kinds of memory bugs, such as buffer overflows and uninitialized reads, may also occur in multithreaded as well as single-threaded programs. Most prior techniques for isolating these bugs are speciali...

By the mid 1990s, scholars, practitioners, and policy makers alike had begun to recognize the critical importance of good governance for growth and poverty reduction. Yet corruption, its mirror image, remained “taboo” at the World Bank up until the historic “cancer of corruption” speech in 1996 of then-Bank President James Wolfensohn that formally brought governance and anticorruption into the ...

Corruption is rampant in many poor countries. As such, anti-corruption policies continue to be a central component of development strategies. For example, since 1996, the World Bank alone has supported more than 600 anti-corruption programs. Unfortunately, this is one area where research has lagged policy. Research on corruption faces two important obstacles—one empirical and one theoretical. O...

How innovation programs fail and innovation networks deviate from legal paths is a problem not yet fully understood. The complex interdependence between blockages of innovation and organizational corruption is a novel field of research in innovation studies. Equally, traditional approaches to explain opportunity-driven criminal behavior of individuals fail to explicate organizationally driven r...