a 48-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of typical chest pain, cold sweat, and dyspnea of 24 hours’ duration. she had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus for many years. on admission, her electrocardiogram (ecg) revealed normal sinus rhythm and dynamic t inversion in the precordial leads. her enzyme levels were normal. transthora...

coronary artery anomalies are rare, with their incidence varying from 1 to 5%. angiography is a commonly used modality for the assessment of coronary artery anomalies. based on previous reports, a majority of coronary artery anomalies are of origin or distribution, with separate ostia of the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery. coronary artery anomalies may cause myocardi...

congenital anomalies of coronary arteries, albeit rare, may be significant contributors to angina pectoris, hemodynamic abnormalities, and sudden cardiac death. a 47-year-old man referred to us with atypical chest pain. electrocardiography demonstrated no significant ischemic changes, but cardiac troponin i test was positive. the patient underwent coronary angiography, which revealed a single c...

large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

background: whether coronary artery ectasia (cae) is a unique clinical finding or results from other clinical entities is still unknown. we aimed to determine the cae prevalence, investigate the relationship between cae and patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, and assess the prognosis at follow-up in a sample of iranian population. methods: t otally, 10057 patients who underwent ...

aneurysms of the left main coronary artery are exceedingly rare clinical entities, encountered incidentally in approximately 0.1% of patients who undergo routine angiography. the most common cause of coronary artery aneurysms is atherosclerosis. angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment. depending on the severity of the coexisting coronary stenosis, patients with left main co...

coronary heart disease has been one of the main threats of human health. coronary angiography is taken as the “gold standard” for the assessment of coronary artery disease. but sometimes, the images are difficult to interpret visually because of the crossing and overlapping of the vessels in the angiograms. vessel extraction from x-ray angiograms has been a challenging problem for several years...

the coronary slow flow phenomenon (csfp) is characterized by a delayed coronary blood flow in the absence of an obstructive coronary artery disease. although the relation between the csfp and myocardial ischemia has been reported previously, there is no knowledge about the relationship between the csfp and the conduction system disorder. in this case report, we describe a patient with the csfp ...

in this paper, we describe a case of an aneurysmal circumflex artery connected to the coronary sinus through a fistula in a 40-year-old man with a two-year history of palpitation and chest pain. we discussed surgical management for patients with coronary artery fistula (caf), particularly for asymptomatic patients with a small left-to-right shunt .