Online purchase and delivery of goods and services requires an electronic contracting process. Formalization of contractual content enables automatic delivery of services and monitoring of the terms and conditions of the contract at service runtime. The Simple Obligation and Right Model (SORM) provides an abstract, domain-independent model of contractual content. Model instances can be interpre...

There are B2B relationships that presume cooperation in contract enactment. This issue should be taken into account when modeling, for computational handling, contractual commitments through obligations. Deadline obligations have been modeled by considering that reaching the deadline without compliance brings up a violation. When modeling commitments in business contracts, directed obligations ...

In B2B contract enactment, cooperation should be taken into account when modeling contractual commitments through obligations. We advocate a directed deadline obligation approach, taking inspiration on international legislation over trade procedures. Our proposal is based on authorizations granted in specific states of an obligation lifecycle model. Flexible deadlines provide an additional leve...

This paper describes the Contract Expression Language (CEL), currently being developed at the industry consortium Content Reference Forum. The CEL is an XMLbased language designed to express contractual agreements between different parties for the purposes of capturing and communicating contractual information, and facilitating contract execution and enforcement by machines with respect to gran...

Real-world business relationships have an essentially cooperative nature. However, when modeling contractual norms using normative multi-agent systems, it is typical to give norms a strict and domain independent semantics. We argue that in B2B contract enactment cooperation should be taken into account when modeling contractual commitments through obligations. We introduce an approach to model ...