the ground reaction curve (grc) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. it defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. generally, grc includes descending and ascending branches. according to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

The design of underground spaces is mainly carried out using empirical, analytical, and numerical methods. The convergence confinement method (CCM) is an analytical technique that is widely utilized in analyzing the stability of underground spaces. However, the main challenge in the stability analysis is the selection of an accurate constitutive model for rock mass, and particularly, its post-f...

The assumption of the Convergence–Confinement Method (CCM) is analysis interaction behavior support and ground a deep circular tunnel under an isotropic stress field. Aiming to improve this method, paper proposes discussion on influence overburden depth anisotropy. To consider effect, reaction in different depths due advancing excavation investigated. Under anisotropic conditions, analytical so...

Mutations in CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have been established by deleting Ccm genes in postnatal animals. These mouse models provide invaluable tools to investigate molecular mechanism and therapeutic approaches for CCM disease. However, the full value of these animal models is limited by the lac...

Applying case-based reasoning (CBR) to analyze the effect of collaborative cost management (CCM) in supply chain is a new research topic. This paper illustrates a new method which combining four steps of CCM and procedures of CBR with fuzzy inference model. The method improves the traditional similarity assessment and obtains the most suitable case to solve new problems. Moreover, this study gi...

This study is oriented on the preparation of lactic acid fermented cabbage juices with addition of inulin preparation FRUTAFIT®. Vegetable juices were inoculated by lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus amylovorus, CCM 4380, Lactobacillus amylophilus CCM 7001, CCM 7039 Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum CCM 4990, and a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bifidobacterium l...

Levy and Montalvo, Yao, and Shima individually proposed tunneling algorithms. The tunneling algorithms employ analogy to tunnel effect in physics, and are used to optimize continuous systems. The present paper proposes a method of solving combinatorial problems using a type of randomized dynamic tunneling technique. This method is based on a computational model called CCM*. CCM* is an extended ...

The present paper proposes a method of solving the fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems defined by Ruttkay. This method is based on CCM, which is a computational model for emergent computation, or for locality-based problem solving. CCM is a type of production system. It works stochastically, or randomly, and works with evaluation functions that are computed only with local information. CCM h...

A saddle point variational (SPV ) method was applied to the Dirac equation as an example of a fully relativistic equation with both negative and positive energy solutions. The effect of the negative energy states was mitigated by maximizing the energy with respect to a relevant parameter while at the same time minimizing it with respect to another parameter in the wave function. The Cornell pot...

In this paper, a new method for combining an ensemble of classifiers, called Consensus-based Combining Method (CCM) is proposed and evaluated. As in most other combination methods, the outputs of multiple classifiers are weighted and summed together into a single final classification decision. However, unlike the other methods, CCM adjusts the weights iteratively after comparing all of the clas...