value creation as an essential concept of value-based marketing has not been studied in iran commercial banks with no native measuring scale. this study aimed at develops a native scale for measuring value creation and the measures index’s amount in iran commercial banks. accordingly as a result of theoretical and exploratory studies a comprehensive scale was developed which shows dimensions of...

Article history: Received 1 March 2008 Received in revised form 1 August 2008 Accepted 1 October 2008 This study assesses how customer value affects a firm's market orientation and consequently, competitive advantage and organizational performance in a service industry— the global hotel industry. The findings show that if a firm perceives its customers as valuing service, the firm is more likel...

marketing literature reveals that perceived value is always considered to be of paramount importance when consumers purchase a product. in order to form a positive attitude towards green products resulting from a higher perceived value, the products proclaimed as green should incorporate the worth which consumers value the most while purchasing. the present study investigates whether there is a...

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This paper investigates competitive tension, or the strain between a focal firm and a given rival that is likely to result in the firm taking action against the rival. Drawing on the awareness-motivation-capability perspective, we show how perceived competitive tension, as constructed from managers’ and industry stakeholders’ competitor assessments, is influenced by the independent and interact...

In species with alternative reproductive tactics, males that sneak copulations often have larger, higher quality ejaculates relative to males that defend females or nest sites. Ejaculate traits can, however, exhibit substantial phenotypic plasticity depending on a male's mating role in sperm competition, which may depend on the tactic of his competitor. We tested whether exposure to males of di...

It is conventionally assumed that, when animals evaluate alternative options, the value assigned to an option is absolute and independent of the other options available. It follows that animal choices should exhibit the rational property of regularity whereby the proportion of choices for an option cannot be increased by the addition of further options to the choice set. However, violations of ...