in this article we introduce the concept of $z^circ$-filter on a topological space $x$. we study and investigate the behavior of $z^circ$-filters and compare them  with corresponding ideals, namely, $z^circ$-ideals of $c(x)$,  the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular hausdorff space $x$. it is observed that $x$ is a compact space if and only if every $z^circ$-filter ...

We study algebraic properties of categories of Merotopic, Nearness, and Filter Algebras. We show that the category of filter torsion free abelian groups is an epireflective subcategory of the category of filter abelian groups. The forgetful functor from the category of filter rings to filter monoids is essentially algebraic and the forgetful functor from the category of filter groups to the cat...

we study algebraic properties of categories of merotopic, nearness, and filter algebras. we show that the category of filter torsion free abelian groups is an epireflective subcategory of the category of filter abelian groups. the forgetful functor from the category of filter rings to filter monoids is essentially algebraic and the forgetful functor from the category of filter groups to the cat...

Introduction: The present study evaluated the dosimetric comparison between 6MV flattened filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beams in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 10 patients with GBM previously...

In this article we introduce the concept of $z^circ$-filter on a topological space $X$. We study and investigate the behavior of $z^circ$-filters and compare them  with corresponding ideals, namely, $z^circ$-ideals of $C(X)$,  the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular Hausdorff space $X$. It is observed that $X$ is a compact space if and only if every $z^circ$-filter ...

Purpose: In the last years, some studies investigated dosimetric benefits of a free flattening filter for the photon mode in the radiotherapy field. This study aims to provide a theoretical study published and analysis of basic dosimetric properties for a Saturne 43 Linac head to implement free flattening filter beams clinically. Material and Methods: Thi...

in this paper, effects of the structural parameters on the optical characteristics of an add-drop filter, consisting of two straight waveguides and a micro-ring resonator (mrr), have been investigated. in this research, effects of mrr radius, the width of mrr and waveguide and the gap between mrr and waveguide, on free spectral range (fsr) and coupling coefficient have been studied. it is found...

In this paper, we study residuated lattices in order to give new characterizations for dense, regular and Boolean elements in residuated lattices and investigate special residuated lattices in order to obtain new characterizations for the directly indecomposable subvariety of Stonean residuated lattices. Free algebra in varieties of Stonean residuated lattices is constructed. We introduce in re...

Respiration induces significant movement of tumours in the vicinity of thoracic and abdominal structures. Real-time image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) aims to adapt radiation delivery to tumour motion during irradiation. One of the main problems for achieving this objective is the presence of time lag between the acquisition of tumour position and the radiation delivery. Such time lag causes sign...

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to quantify the potential benefits a flattening filter‐free (FFF) beam and implement dose‐computation algorithm for cervical radiotherapy through dosimetric radiobiological analyses using RapidArc. Methods Thirty‐three patients were enrolled, four RapidArc plans created each patient dual‐arc filter 6‐MV FFF photon beams two calculation algorithms. Homog...