Degenerative cartilage endplate (CEP) shows decreased chondrification and increased ossification. Cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs), with the capacity for chondro-osteogenic differentiation, are responsible for CEP restoration. CEP is avascular and hypoxic, while the physiological hypoxia is disrupted in the degenerated CEP. Hypoxia promoted chondrogenesis but inhibited osteogenesis in CESC...

The autosomal recessive gene for brachypodism (bp) in the mouse affects the appendicular, but not the axial skeleton. Manus and pes are more severely affected than the rest of the limbs; the girdles are normal. In digits 2-5, the basal and middle phalanges of the normal are replaced by a short and thin element which never ossifies properly; by contrast, the terminal phalanges are normal or near...

Sternum is formed from bilateral mesenchymatous condensations, sternal plates, which begin in the dorsolateral region of body wall. These plates undergo chondrification, move ventrally towards each other from both sides, and they eventually fuse together across the midline in a craniocaudal direction. Mesosternum (body) ossifies from 4 sternebrae. Sternal foramen, of varying size and form, may ...

Some degree of interest has recently been aroused in the question of the occurrence and incidence of spina bifida. Despite the efforts made by many theorists in the past, its mode of production still remains obscure; it is known' that fundamentally there is a defective formation of the mesodermal tissues surrounding the primitive neural plate, and that the process of chondrification and subsequ...

TEM and SEM application demonstrated that the shift from chondrification to ossification in the developing murine centra from day 15 to day 18 of gestational age is marked by typical structural variations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). During day 15 GA, typical matrix vesicles with crystalline contents appeared, as followed by single and fusing pleomorphic aggregates of a more regular cryst...

Some degree of interest has recently been aroused in the question of the occurrence and incidence of spina bifida. Despite the efforts made by many theorists in the past, its mode of production still remains obscure; it is known' that fundamentally there is a defective formation of the mesodermal tissues surrounding the primitive neural plate, and that the process of chondrification and subsequ...

Synostosis of carpal bones originates from lack of cavitation at the site of the future joint space with subsequent chondrification and ossification during the 4 to 8 weeks of intrauterine life. It is mostly seen as a chance finding discovered on radiographs. These coalitions are often asymptomatic, but can give complaints after trauma. We report six patients with different congenital carpal co...

Some degree of interest has recently been aroused in the question of the occurrence and incidence of spina bifida. Despite the efforts made by many theorists in the past, its mode of production still remains obscure; it is known' that fundamentally there is a defective formation of the mesodermal tissues surrounding the primitive neural plate, and that the process of chondrification and subsequ...

introduction: oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting chondrogenesis or the function of articular cartilage. the purpose of the present study was to find the effect of soybean extract on reduction of detoriation effects of oxidativestress in embryonic chondrogenesis in vitro. methods: in order to separate ectoderm from mesenchyme, the limb buds of ...

I T has been pointed out by Fell & Canti (1934) as a result of their experiments in vitro concerning the early formation of the avian limb skeleton and kneejoint, that the appearance of the articular rudiment is independent of the bloodand nerve-supply as well as of mechanical influences. These authors believe that the formation of articular surfaces occurs in consequence of the differential gr...