The reaction of 2-naphthol and also para-substituted phenols with glyoxal in presence of choline chloride: 2 ZnCl2 [ChCl: 2ZnCl2], a deep eutectic solvent (DES), as a green catalyst was studied. The amount of catalyst, solvent type, temperature, and time on the yield of reaction were investigated. It was found that the optimal condition included 10% mol ratio of catalyst (mol percentage of DES ...

The conductivities of the binary room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) systems ZnCl 2-N-nbutylpyridinium chloride (BPC), ZnCl2 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and ZnCl2 benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) have been measured at different temperatures and compositions by a d.c. four-probes method. The conductivities of the three RTMS are in the order ZnCl2-EMIC > ZnCl2-BPC > ZnCl2-...

The construction and performance of an amperometric microbiosensor for the determination of choline chloride by immobilizing choline oxidase on a cellulose acetate membrane are described. The procedure of choline determination involved the electrochemical detection of enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide. This microsensor has a linear response between 0.038-0.1 mM choline chloride. The...

in a 42-d experiment, 576 one-day-old vencobb 308 broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of lecithin extract (0.5 g/kg), choline chloride 60% (1 g/kg) and bio choline (1 g/kg) in diets of moderate and high energy in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement on performance and certain physiological traits in broiler chickens. the inclusion of bio choline and lecithin extract in the diet signifi...

In a 42-d experiment, 576 one-day-old Vencobb 308 broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of lecithin extract (0.5 g/kg), choline chloride 60% (1 g/kg) and Bio choline (1 g/kg) in diets of moderate and high energy in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement on performance and certain physiological traits in broiler chickens. The inclusion of Bio choline and lecithin extract in the diet signifi...

the construction and performance of an amperometric microbiosensor for the determination of choline chloride by immobilizing choline oxidase on a cellulose acetate membrane are described. the procedure of choline determination involved the electrochemical detection of enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide. this microsensor has a linear response between 0.038-0.1 mm choline chloride. the res...

Two hundred and forty Hubbard Classic broiler chicks were used in a 35 day trial at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University farm, Bangladesh to study the effects of supplemental choline chloride on performance parameters, carcass characteristics and their association in commercial broiler. All birds had free access to ad libitum feeding. Birds were fed four types of diet i.e. diet w...

two hundred and forty hubbard classic broiler chicks were used in a 35 day trial at chittagong veterinary and animal science university farm, bangladesh to study the effects of supplemental choline chloride on performance parameters, carcass characteristics and their association in commercial broiler. all birds had free access to ad libitum feeding. birds were fed four types of diet i.e. diet w...

The structure of zinc chloride complexes with different ratios of chloride to zinc, formed in concentrated ZnCl2 aqueous solutions, were determined f rom large-angle X-ray scattering using concentrations of the chloride complexes estimated by complementary Raman spectroscopic measurements. The highest chloro complex, [ZnCl4]~, is tetrahedral with a Zn-Cl bond length of 2.294(4) Ä. The trichloro...

Since, choline chloride caking causes serious operating difficulties and customer complaints, two experiments were conducted to optimize in vitro production of a novel encapsulated choline chloride (ECC) with minimum hygroscopic property and optimize delivery in gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The in vivo verification test of ECC was used to compare it with the commercial choline chloride (CC) in...