in the present study lactic acid production was enhanced by optimizing the three process variables viz; inoculum size, temperature and ph using three factor five level ccrd (central composite rotatable design) by lactobacillus delbruckii under smf (submerged fermentation process). paneer (dairy by-product) whey was used as sole substrate for lactic acid production. design expert 8.0.2.0 softwar...

ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to determine the optimum processing conditions and to achieve the maximum extraction yield and viscosity of the gum extracted from quince seed. using response surface methodology (rsm) to design the experiments and adopting the central composite rotatable design (ccrd), the effect of extraction temperature (25-55°c), time (3-10 minutes), and ph (6-8) were...

The effects of time, acid concentration, temperature and solid concentration on dilute-acid hydrolysis of orange peels were investigated. A central composite rotatable experimental design (CCRD) was applied to study the individual effects of these hydrolysis factors and also their interdependence effects. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the peels by cellulase, β-glucosidase, and pectinase enzymes r...

The interest in production of natural colorants by microbial fermentation has been currently increased. The effects of D-glucose concentration (3.18-36.82 g/L), inoculum size (12.5 × 10(9)-49.5 × 10(9) cfu cells/mL) and air-flow rate (1.95-12.05 L/L min) on the biomass, total carotenoid and canthaxanthin (CTX) accumulation of Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 in a batch bioreactor was scrutinized usi...

The Plackett-Burman screening design (PBSD) and Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were used to optimize the fermentation parameters for enhanced xylanase production from Aspergillus flavus DFR-6 in submerged cultivation. The PBSD demonstrated that the positive main effects of yeast extract, wheat bran, Tween 80 and NaNO3 were significant at 10 % level of significance. The interactive ef...

The objective of this study was to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from limau purut (Citrus hystrix) peels using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was applied to determine the effects of ethanol concentration (%), extraction temperature (oC), and extraction time (min) on total phenolic content (TPC) from limau purut (Citrus...

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimize the three important reaction variables-methanol/oil molar ratio (M), NaOH catalyst concentration (C) and reaction time (T) for transesterification of crude cottonseed oil under ultrasonic irradiation. A quadratic polynomial model was obtained to predict the methyl ester yield. 98 wt% of th...

Aqueous extraction of basil seed mucilage was optimized using response surface methodology. A Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for modeling of three independent variables: temperature (40-91 °C); extraction time (1.6-3.3 h) and water/seed ratio (18:1-77:1) was used to study the response for yield. Experimental values for extraction yield ranged from 7.86 to 20.5 g/100 g. Extraction yie...

Effluents of resin production, petrochemicals, refineries, paper mills, and iron foundry industries may present high concentrations of phenol. The high toxicity, solubility, and stability of phenolic compounds hamper the treatment of this wastewater by conventional methods. In this work, the effect of inorganic ion mixtures, such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, and monophosphate on th...