the investigation of relationship between political and administrative subsystems in the 'supreme model' of governance during history of humankind contribute to designing and modeling of better models of governance and administration. this model is retrieved in imam ali's words and manners. the present study seeks to investigate and describe the appropriate relationship between e...

one of the subjects which have long been obsessing the minds and spirits of deep-thinking believers is the relationship between religion in all aspects and scopes we can consider for it and the model of reason and rationality. the scope of religious studies is full of various and ever-emerging questions in this regard. there are diverse approaches to the relation between these two. adopting eac...

social capital has received considerable attention in all branches of social sciences, and has recently been the focus in the field to explain about procreator elements. trust is one of the social capital elements and plays an important role in specifying consequences incidental to social capital. nearly two decades ago, robert putnam proposed an explanation of trust relying on associational li...

Fiscal incomes are vital for Governments, both for central and local agencies, therefore on-line fiscal services will play a key role in the e-Government perspective. The creation of citizen-centered fiscal e-services, however, requires a new citizen –centered institutional and juridical context to be effective. The current Institution-centered scenario, based on the authoritative approach, is ...

background: the concept of family- centered care in neonatal intensive care unit has changed drastically in protracted years and has been used in various contexts differently. since we require clarity in our understanding, we aimed to analyze this concept. methods: this study was done on the basis of developmental approach of rodgers’s concept analysis. we reviewed the existing literature in sc...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...

electronic government is a new concept that governments according to level of development implement in different ways. utilizing informational systems in business sections has created potential context for developing electronic government. customer relationship ‎management (crm) is an important system in management that helps to develop electronic government and promote citizenship-based in org...

introduction: the most important change in medical education is a shift from didactic teacher-centered and subject-based teaching to the use of interactive, problem-based, student-centered learning. student-centered approach is a teaching approach t that encompasses replacing lectures with active learning, integrating self-paced learning programs and cooperative group situations, ultimately hol...