karkhe watershed (kw) with more than 5 million hectares recently encountered many problems in the natural, social and man-made habitats. unsuitable use of land, soil erosion and lack of rainfall are the most destructive factors in this watershed affecting the whole region fundamentally. as expected, these problems have caused a considerable fall in biodiversity in fauna and flora, a decrease in...

potentiometric investigation on {h2o+nano3+peg1500} mixtures were made at t=308.15k, using electrochemical cells with two ion-selective electrodes, (na+ glass) as the cation ion-selective electrode against (no3- solvent-polymer pvc) as the anion ion-selective electrode. the mean ionic activity coefficients of nano3 were measured at different concentrations of  nano3 and peg. maximum concentrati...

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been suggested as potential "green" solvents to replace volatile organic solvents in reaction and separation processes due to their negligible vapor pressure. To develop ILs for these applications, it is important to gain a fundamental understanding of the factors that control the phase behavior of ionic liquids with other liquids. In this work, we continue our study of...

Gas-to-RTIL (room-temperature ionic liquid) partition coefficients have been compiled for 592 different solute-RTIL combinations. These partition coefficients were converted into water-to-RTIL partition coefficients using the corresponding gas-to-water partition coefficients. Both sets of partition coefficients were analyzed using the Abraham solvation parameter model with cation-specific and a...

The water solubility of salts is ordinarily dictated by lattice energy and ion solvation. However, in the case of low melting salts also known as ionic liquids, lattice energy is immaterial and differences in hydrophobicity largely account for differences in their water solubility. In this contribution, the activity coefficients of ionic liquids in water are split into cation and anion contribu...

The influence of soft, hydration-mediated ion-ion and ion-surface interactions on the differential capacitance of an electric double layer is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations and compared to various mean-field models. We focus on a planar electrode surface at physiological concentration of monovalent ions in a uniform dielectric background. Hydration-mediated interactions are modeled ...