PURPOSE Hyperosmolarity has been recognized as a proinflammatory stress in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. This study investigated the suppressive effect of osmoprotectants (L-carnitine, erythritol, and betaine) on the production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hyperosmotic stress. METHODS Primary HCECs were es...

Abbreviations: DGC, dystrophin glycoprotein complex; DAPC, dystrophin associated protein complex; β-DG, Beta-dystroglycan; ALA, Alpha-lipoic acid; L-Car, L-carnitine; CK, creatine kinase; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactions; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MyHC, myosin heavy chain; HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; MMP, Matrix Metalloprote...

6- mercaptopurine (6-mp) is widely used in clinic as an immunosuppressive for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia, crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis with documented unpredictable hepatotoxicity. the potential molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of 6-mp against isolated rat hepatocytes were searched in this study using “accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening (acms)” techniques. t...

6- Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is widely used in clinic as an immunosuppressive for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis with documented unpredictable hepatotoxicity. The potential molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of 6-MP against isolated rat hepatocytes were searched in this study using “Accelerated Cytotoxicity Mechanism Screening (ACMS)” techniques. The co...

Objective(s): The aim of the present research is to investigate the efficacy of L-carnitine (LC) as a complementary therapy to diclofenac sodium (Dic) treatment in a mono-iodoacetate (MIA) induced knee osteoarthritis (OA) rat model, with respect to pain relief and the underlying pathology.Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino ra...

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a toxic lipid peroxidation product, is associated with oxidative damage in cells and involved in various diseases including the initiation and progression of cancer. Cancer cells have a high, adaptable metabolism with a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and rely on high levels of glucose and glutamine as essential nutrients for cell growth. Here we in...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-related metabolite, is associated with heart failure (HF) outcomes. However, TMAO the final product of complex metabolic pathway (ie, choline/carnitine) that has never been entirely investigated in HF. The present study investigates panel metabolites involved TMAO-choline/carnitine for their associations outcome acute HF patients. In total, 806 plasma sample...

background: l-carnitine has been demonstrated to confer cardiac protection against ischemia reperfusion injury in animals. this study evaluates the effects of l-carnitine administration on cardiac biomarkers after coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery. methods: one hundred thirty-four patients undergoing elective cabg surgery, without a history of myocardial ischemia or previous l-carniti...