archaeological researches indicate that the use of silver was common in various practices; there were numerous mints for silver coinage across sassanid persia (circa 620 ad) indicating that persians were familiar with silver mining and its refining process. medical practice also benefited from that expertise, and in the course of the following centuries new forms of utilizing silver began to em...

throughout history, there have always been different opinions about the necessity and methods of contraception in different cultures. persian medical scientists in the medieval era illustrated different contraceptive methods in their manuscripts. avicenna, for example, discussed different types of contraceptive methods in canon, one of the most important medical books written in the 10th centur...

the human knowledge on orthopedics traces back to dawn of the medical history. during the history of medicine, several scholars including persian scientists investigated orthopedics and contributed to its flowering. abu ali al-hussain ibn abdullah ibn-sina is a great persian physician whose opinions on various aspects of medicine, including the science of orthopedics, are so remarkable. in this...

The Food and drug were developed by pharmacists and physicians, in particular Persian scientists throughout medical history. There was an especial view on the subject of nutrition and medications in Persian medicine (PM). Avicenna was one of the main Persian physicians who contributed to this field in the Canon of medicine “Al-qanun-fi-al-tibb”, his main medical and pharmaceutical text book in ...

BACKGROUND Stroke has a huge negative impact on the society and more adversely affect women. There is scarce evidence about any neuroprotective effects of commonly used drug in acute stroke. Bushnell et al. provided a guideline focusing on the risk factors of stroke unique to women, including reproductive factors, metabolic syndrome, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and migraine with aura. The ten...

Avicenna, a renowned Persian Muslim scientist has written numerous scientific papers and valuable medical books that are respected worldwide. For centuries his masterpiece, the "Canon of Medicine", has been used as a major medical reference. The Canon, as a prime encyclopedia on medicine is comprised of five books. In the introduction to the Canon, Avicenna has described the purpose of medicine...