a new method for determination of residual stresses in the bottom layers of laminated composites is developed. in this method the residual stresses are determined by performing a consecutive drilling of laminated composites in the center of the rosette and recording the strains after drilling each layer. the depth of the hole in each step is equal to the thickness of each layer and the maximum ...

Current approach for designing of reinforced concrete members is based on the load and resistance factor. However the load and resistance parameters are random variables, the constant values have been designated for them in the designing procedure. Assuming these factors as the constants, will be led to the unsafe and uneconomical designs. Safe designing of structures requires appropriate recog...

Uncertainties in source color measurements with a tristimulus colorimeter are estimated for calibration factors determined, based on a known source spectral distribution or on accurate measurements of the spectral responsivities of the colorimeter channels. Application is to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) colorimeter and an International Commission on Illumination (CI...

This paper examines camera calibration in a general setting and considers a number of factors which can be used to distinguish between diierent calibration procedures. The factors are model complexity, parameter classiication, measure of model t and numerical solution. A number of calibration procedures are examined and classiied by these factors. Finally, some possible improvements to current ...

After initial checks, I noticed egregious differences between the apparatus as I found it and earlier literature. A thorough investigation then ensued to establish a new calibration factor (and to uncover when the calibration factor changed). The rest of this document details these measurements, but the final conclusion of this work is to find that the beam momentum relates to the spectrometer ...

We have carried out absolute calibrations of the LHD YAG Thomson scattering system by using Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering in order to verify the applicability of Rayleigh calibration in the LHD Thomson scattering, and make a comparative study of Raman and Rayleigh calibrations. In the LHD Thomson scattering device, Rayleigh calibration is expected to give more reliable calibration fa...

With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) modelling, camera calibration is paid more and more attention. In this article, we analyse the influence factors in the calibration: the camera and lens, the shape of control points, photography model and the scale between calibration object and measurement. Appropriate model can get the right result quickly, and the position of the model in ...

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile new technique for collecting headspace volatiles prior to GC analysis. The commercial availability of uniform SPME fibers makes routine, practical quantitation of headspace concentrations possible, but straightforward information for relating GC peak areas from SPME analyses to headspace concentrations has not been available. The calibration fac...