in this paper, the pricing of a european call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a monte carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. the proposed approach, applied in monte carlo simulation, is based on the black-scholes equation which generally def...

uncertainty is undoubtedly an inevitable part of programming process. a lot of effective factors in the water resources’ performance are not deterministic while their values are surely needed for the design and implantation of water systems. since an optimal design of water distribution systems is in demand of a just evaluation of the costs, efficient operation of such systems calls for a prope...

In this paper, the pricing of a European call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a Monte Carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. The proposed approach, applied in Monte Carlo simulation, is based on the Black-Scholes equation which generally def...

Background: Lead glass has a wide variety of applications in radiation protection. This study aims to investigate some characteristics of lead glass such as the γ-ray energy-dependent mass and linear attenuation coefficients, the half-value layer thickness, and the absorbed dose distribution for specific energy. Materials and Methods: The attenuation parameters of different lead glass types aga...

the monte carlo method can be used to describe any technique that approximates solutions to quantitative problems through statistical sampling. this method is considered to be the most accurate method for dose calculation in radiotherapy. for complete modeling of a linear accelerator, it is required that the manufactured information covers all data, but some data such as primary electron energy...

the paper presents simulation results for the propagation of lightning surges along a transmission line and the overvoltages generated in a transformer at the end of the line. it is shown that the monte carlo simulation method provides more realistic assessments than the deterministic methods. it has also been shown that increasing capacitance in transformers results in reduced levels of overvo...

background: for an effective treatment planning in brachytherapy, it is necessary to know the accurate source dosimetric information such as air kerma strength, exposure rate constant, dose rate constant and redial dose distribution. the usual method to determine these factors is thermo luminescent dosimeter (tld) dosimetry. nowadays, another more accurate method is known to be the monte carlo ...

in this paper, a stochastic two-stage model is offered for optimization of the day-ahead scheduling of the microgrid. system uncertainties including dispatchable distributed generation and energy storage contingencies are considered in the stochastic model. for handling uncertainties, monte carlo simulation is employed for generation several scenarios and then a reduction method is used to d...