In this review, the aim is to discuss pathological development of vascular calcification including a brief description arterial wall structure and function, atherosclerosis, highlighting normal physiological with particular emphasis on their common characteristics, critically review recent findings implicating role smooth muscle cells in pathogenesis process microRNAs regulation these phenotype...

statement of the problem: most of the soft tissue calcifications within the head and neck region might not be accompanied by clinical symptoms but may indicate some pathological conditions. purpose: the aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (cbct) images of mandibular region. materials and method: in this cross sectio...

Physiological intracranial calcification occurs in about 0.3-1.5% of cases. It is asymptomatic and detected incidentally by neuroimaging. Pathological basal ganglia calcification is due to various causes, such as: metabolic disorders, infectious and genetic diseases. Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism are the most common causes of pathological basal ganglia calcification. Besides t...

Ectopic calcification is characterized by inappropriate deposition of hydroxyapatite in non-skeletal connective tissues and can cause significant morbidity mortality, particularly when it affects the cardiovascular system. Identification metabolic genetic determinants ectopic could help distinguish individuals at greatest risk developing these pathological calcifications guide development medic...

Coronary artery calcification is a well-established predictor of future cardiac events; however, it is not a predictor of unstable plaque. The intimal calcification of the atherosclerotic plaques may begin with smooth muscle cell apoptosis and release of matrix vesicles and is almost always seen microscopically in pathological intimal thickening, which appears as microcalcification (≥0.5 μm, ty...

A 5-year-old girl presented with headache and vomiting. Head computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging showed a right frontal lobe tumor marked calcification. The patient underwent resection surgery suspicion of anaplastic ependymoma, the was gross totally removed. Pathological examination revealed areas dense cells high nucleocytoplasmic ratio myxoid consisting round-shaped nucleus eosino...

Pathological calcification generally consists of the formation of solid deposits of hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate) in soft tissues. Supersaturation is the thermodynamic driving force for crystallization, so it is believed that higher blood levels of calcium and phosphate increase the risk of cardiovascular calcification. However several factors can promote or inhibit the natural process of ...