toichiometric analysis has the same function in biochemistry as book-keeping has in business. Both deal with the inputs and outputs in flow systems, and studying the stoichiometric structure of a metabolic network might seem only slightly more exciting than a visit to an accountant's office. Times change, however, and progress in systems biology will involve paying closer attention to stoichiom...

Since its independence, Tanzania has been the location of choice for many refugees in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa. As one of the most impoverished countries in the world, mass refugee migrations such as those experienced in the 1990s alter Tanzania’s own plight for social and economic development. This paper explores the effects that refugees have had upon Tanzania’s economy. It wi...

I describe two amplifications mechanisms that operate during liquidity crises and discuss the scope for central bank policies during crises as well as preventive policies in advance of crises. The first mechanism works through asset prices and balance sheets. A negative shock to the balance sheets of asset-holders causes them to liquidate assets, lowering prices, further deteriorating balance s...