one of the natural hazards in mountainous areas, which always cause great losses of life and financial damages, is the avalanche fall. since, survey the avalanche-prone areas for prevention the probable damages is considerably important, especially when the avalanche paths affect the residential areas or roads. in this research, based on local information, one of the avalanche paths in the chah...

1. introduction mountain regions are increasingly endangered by a variety of disaster, including avalanche, debris flows, and rock slide. some characteristics such as elevation, angle of slope, vegetation and climatic elements could affect the avalanche event. indeed, avalanche is the second factor in soil erosion that causes demolition; therefore, it threatens the food safety. iran has two mai...

Throughout the winter, avalanche forecasters issue bulletins to help the public and the managers of public facilities make avalanche safety decisions. These bulletins typically describe important snowpack features and current weather events before rating the avalanche danger on a scale of one through five. Although the character of avalanche conditions may vary between regions, the physical pro...

Today, temporary measures to improve avalanche safety often depend on remote measurements by automatic stations. The snow profile radar allows for direct measurements of snow accumulation, settling, fracture height and water percolation within avalanche release zones. Alarm stations automatically recognize avalanche flow and close traffic lines. Remote avalanche control by Wyssen exploders, pro...

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are primary devices in photon counting systems used in quantum cryptography, time resolved spectroscopy and photon counting optical communication. SPADs convert each photo-generated electron hole pair to a measurable current via an avalanche of impact ionizations. In this paper, a stochastically self-regulating avalanche model for passively quenched SPADs ...

Relative to recreationists, avalanche professionals in Canada have a high success rate for managing avalanche hazard and making sound decisions in avalanche terrain. This success invites the question: What can be learned from these successes relative to avalanche education, decision support and accident prevention for backcountry recreationists? I surveyed Canadian avalanche professionals using...