BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenicals at various life stages and across a range of exposures has been implicated in cardiometabolic and liver disease, but disease predisposition from developmental exposures remains unclear. OBJECTIVES In utero and post-weaning exposure to trivalent arsenic (AsIII) was examined on the background of a Western-style diet to determine whether AsIII exposure a...

Arsenic (As) is the most common toxic element in the environment, ranking first on the Superfund List of Hazardous Substances. Microbial redox transformations are the principal drivers of As chemical speciation, which in turn dictates As mobility and toxicity. Consequently, in order to manage or remediate environmental As, land managers need to understand how and why microorganisms react to As....

Arsenite (AsIII) efflux is an important mechanism for arsenic (As) detoxification in plants. Low AsIII efflux has been observed in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata, which may contribute to its highly efficient As translocation and accumulation; however, the results may be compromised by microbial AsIII oxidation, relatively low As concentration in the medium and short-term As exposure. Here, ...

AsIII uptake in living cells is through aquaglyceroporin transporters, but it is unknown in arsenic-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. We investigated the effects of AsIII analogs glycerol and antimonite (SbIII) at 0-100 mM and aquaporin inhibitor AgNO(3) at 0-0.1 mM on the uptake of 0.1 mM AsIII or AsV by P. vittata over 1-2 h. Glycerol or SbIII didn't impact AsIII or AsV uptake by P. vittata (p...

Previously, we found that arsenite (AsIII) oxidation could improve the generation of ATP/NADH to support the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4. In this study, we found that aioE is induced by AsIII and located in the arsenic island near the AsIII oxidase genes aioBA and co-transcripted with the arsenic resistant genes arsR1-arsC1-arsC2-acr3-1. AioE belongs to TrkA family corresponding the...

This study determined the role of plant and microbes in arsenite (AsIII) oxidation in the growth media and the location of AsIII oxidation and arsenate (AsV) reduction in Pteris vittata tissues. P. vittata grew in 0.10-0.27mM AsV or AsIII solution under aerated or sterile condition for 1h to 14d. Arsenic speciation was conducted in the growth media, biomass (roots, rhizomes, rachis, pinnae, and...

Bacteria-mediated arsenic (As) transformation and their impacts on As and P uptake and plant growth in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV) were investigated under sterile condition. All As-resistant bacteria (9 endophytic and 6 rhizospheric) were As-reducers except one As-oxidizer. After growing two months in media with 37.5 mg kg(-1) AsV, As concentrations in the fronds and roots were 3655...

We studied the effect of loss of function in the NIP subfamily II in Arabidopsis thaliana to assess their potential role(s) in arsenite (AsIII) uptake. Loss of function in AtNIP7;1 led to increased plant tolerance to AsIII and reduced total As in planta. AtNIP7;1 expression in various yeast backgrounds increased AsIII sensitivity. In the acr3Delta yeast genotype, AtNIP7;1 caused a moderate incr...

The complexation of arsenic (As) with dissolved organic matter (DOM), although playing an important role in regulating As mobility and transformation, is poorly characterized, as evidenced by scarce reporting of fundamental parameters of As-DOM complexes. The complexation of arsenite (AsIII) with Aldrich humic acid (HA) at different pHs was characterized using a recently developed analytical te...

The mechanism of arsine (AsH3) toxicity is not completely understood. In this investigation, we determined AsH3 and arsenite (AsIII) toxicity in Sprague Dawley rat blood, liver, and kidney. In all systems, there were dose- and time-dependent responses. Red blood cells were very susceptible to AsH3 toxicity. This was demonstrated by an immediate intracellular potassium loss and by hemolysis and ...