the images of muslims in media, literature and politics have been mostly black and white portrayals of a people alien to modernity, civilization, rationality and pluralism. since the end of the cold war and the onset of deadly terrorist attacks in different areas of the world, especially in the united states, these representations show a palpable difference: muslims are represented not only as ...

worship is submission and humitility with believe to divinity in fornt of god. in jewish religion ,worship is submission of the god inall the ordes and devosion tohim .worshio is not only so widely in islam and jew and does not include pray and fast and etc but also is every action that human does with divine intention and to content him. worship has huge and excellent rank in qoran and old te...

abstract governing was disorganized for years, when mongols attached to iran and it caused to clearing way for interference of mongols princes. dispatching of holaku to the west culminated in establishing iilkhanan government. holakus activities in destruction of abbaasis government and activities which shows his staying in iran, made force oulus juji to comparison against iilkhanis gover...

abstract al- muntazam by ibn al -jawzi is one of the greatest the book ancient book of texts on history of islam in the 6th century.it is very important one;because of including rare reports which are not found any where.in addition to historical reports,his outlook , in which embodies information on mythologies, milal wa nihal (sects and creeds), geography, and political, social and religiou...

«فیلون اسکندرانی» را می توان اولین فیلسوفی برشمرد که تلاش کرد، تا دین و فلسفه را بدون اینکه یکی را رد و دیگری را اثبات نماید با یکدیگر بیامیزد. این رساله در پی آن است که ترجمه ای روان و وفادار به متن، از سه بخش کتاب «philo: foundations of religious philosophy in judaism, christianity, and islam» نوشته ی h. a. wolfson، پژوهشگر و فیلون شناس معاصر، ارائه نماید. وی در این سه بخش ضمن معرفی آراء و ان...