Recent data indicate that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) serve a dual role in tumor progression and regression. CD66b is a neutrophil marker and has been associated with patient outcome in various cancers. However, its clinical impact in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. 536 NSCLC patients, of which 172 harbored lymph node metastases, were included in this study. Ti...

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs) typically increase their discharge rate in response to appetitive predictive cues and outcomes, whereas striatal cholinergic tonically active interneurons (TANs) decrease their rate. This may indicate that the activity of TANs and DANs is negatively correlated and that TANs can broaden the basal ganglia reinforcement teaching signal, for instance by encoding...

Tonically active neurons (TANs) of the primate striatum are putative interneurons that respond to events of motivational significance, such as primary rewards, and to sensory stimuli that predict such events. Because TANs influence striatal projection neurons, TANs may play a role in the initiation and control of movement. To examine this issue, we recorded from putaminal TANs in macaque monkey...

UNLABELLED BACKGROND/AIM: Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) contribute to tumor invasion. However, whether TANs and lymph node metastasis are related is unknown. Intranodal lymphatic vessel density (LVD) is significantly correlated with tumor progression, lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the e...

Infiltrating inflammatory cells are highly prevalent within the tumor microenvironment and mediate many processes associated with tumor progression; however, the contribution of specific populations remains unclear. For example, the nature and function of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the cancer microenvironment is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to provide a phenotypic and...

Recent studies have suggested that the basal ganglia are essential for reward-oriented behavior. A popular proposal is that the interaction between sensorimotor and reward-related signals occurs in the striatal projection neurons. However, the role of interneurons remains unclear. Using the one-direction-rewarded version of the memory-guided saccade task (1DR), we examined the activity of tonic...

1. Previous studies indicate that tonically active neurons (TANs) are the cholinergic interneurons of the striatum and predict that their activity is synchronized. To test whether TANs do fire synchronously, and whether dopamine depletion affects their synchronization, we recorded the simultaneous activity of several TANs in the putamens of two vervet monkeys before and after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-...

To understand the mechanisms by which basal ganglia neurons express acquired activities during and after behavioral learning, selective dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists were applied while recording the activity of striatal neurons in monkeys performing behavioral tasks. In experiment 1, a monkey was trained to associate a click sound with a drop of reward water. DA receptor antagonists were a...

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) promote metastasis of multiple cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Melatonin (Mel) reportedly exerts anti-metastatic effects on OSCC. However, little is known about the anti-OSCC effects of Mel involved in TANs. In this study, intensive infiltration of TANs was positively associated with advanced stage, lymphatic metastasis, and poor progn...