background:  levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood have a positive relationship with congenital heart disease (chd). we sought to assess the difference in serum cytokines levels between children with and without chd.  methods:  we recruited 60 patients with chd and 30 healthy children, from 2013 to 2014. patients with primary pulmonary hypertension; metabolic diseases; renal, endocrine...

conclusions no significant difference in reducing post bypass inflammation between preoperative steroid treatment and combined preoperative and intraoperative steroid administration reported and they had the same effects. results in both groups, no significant difference with variation of expression for il-6 (inflammatory factor) and il-10 (anti-inflammatory factor) in different times after byp...

patients and methods ninety-eight children with congenital ps referred to affiliated hospital of jining medical college were recruited from october 2013 to march 2015. participants were divided into four groups according to different ages (0 - 1, 1 - 3, 3 - 7, 7 - 14), or three groups according to different heart rates (< 90, 90 - 110, > 110). image quality of pulmonary valves was assessed base...

atrial septal defect (asd) is a common congenital anomaly that has low surgical mortality and morbidity. we report a very rare case of a low-lying asd, combined with the drainage of the inferior vena cava and the left superior vena cava into the left atrium. this combination was associated with an unroofed coronary sinus. we also describe an iatrogenic surgical diversion of the inferior vena ca...

conclusions the right ventricular outflow tract palliation in children with cyanotic chd leads to long-term favorable outcome regarding improvement in oxygen saturation, increase in z score of both left and right pulmonary arteries and also considerable decrease in spell. also, death and complications are rare following rvot palliation. background the right ventricular outflow tract (rvot) pall...

Retinoid-dependent pathways play a central role in regulating cardiac morphogenesis. Recently, we characterized gene-targeted RXR alpha -/- embryos, which display an atrial-like ventricular phenotype with the development of heart failure and lethality at embryonic day 14.5. To quantitate the frequency and complexity of cardiac morphogenic defects, we now use microdissection and scanning electro...

anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (alcapa) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. we report three cases of alcapa who survived to adulthood. the first case was a 51-year-old woman who complained of typical chest pain that was diagnosed with alcapa using cardiac catheterization and coronary computed tomographic angiography (cta). the second case was a 30-...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the early and late outcome after total correction of tetralogy of fallot (tof) in 101 consecutive patients with a mean age of 8.23 ± 4.90 years underwent repair of surgery at one institution between 1995 and 2006. forty two patients had initial palliative operations. a transannular patch was inserted in 60 (58.5%) patients. risk factors for operative mo...

background: given the dearth of data in the existing literature on the size and morphologic variability of secundum-type atrial-septal defect (asd-ii) in adult patients, we aimed to address this issue in a series of consecutive adult patients evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography (tee). methods: a total of 50 patients (68.0% female) with isolated asd-ii underwent tee for the evaluation ...

acute left atrial thrombosis at the site of the resection of the primary cribriform septum is an exceedingly rare and important complication after atrial septal defect (asd) closure with a pericardial or synthetic patch. this case report presents a mobile thrombus noted on the left atrium at the raw surface site of a resected cribriform primary septum that was not caught in the suture line with...