objective: the present study aimed to review the relapse rate in patients with schizophrenia treated with orally taken atypical agents (serotonin dopamine antagonists, sdas) and depot preparation of conventional (typical) antipsychotics. methods: in this historical cohort study, mean relapse per month (mrm) index, duration between initiation of antipsychotic treatment and the first relapse epis...

According to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, symptoms of psychosis arise, in part, from dysregulation of central dopaminergic pathways. The activity of dopaminergic neurons is in turn modulated by several neurotransmitters, including, most prominently, serotonin and glutamate. The first generation of antipsychotic drugs (ie, typical antipsychotics) are characterized by potent D2 dopam...

OBJECTIVE We report 3 cases of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery in patients without a history of selective α1-blocker use but with a long-term history of antipsychotic drug use. We reviewed previously reported cases of antipsychotic drug-associated IFIS cases. DESIGN Observational case series. RESULTS In case 1, bilateral IFIS developed in a 39-year-old man...

INTRODUCTION All approved antipsychotic drugs share an affinity for the dopamine 2 (D(2)) receptor; however, these drugs only partially ameliorate the symptoms of schizophrenia. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to identify new treatment strategies for schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED Preclinical, clinical and post-mortem studies of the serotonin 5-HT(2A) system in schizophrenia are revie...

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms) is a rare fatal medical complication that occurs as a result of dopaminergic receptor blockage in the caudate at the termination of the nigrostriatal pathways (1), and may occur at any time following consumption of dopamine antagonists. this disorder also occurs in cases of sudden discontinuation of dopamine agonists and antagonists (2,3). some studies have ...

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of symptoms (hallucinations, delusions), negative (decreased expressiveness), and cognitive (lack executive function). The exact etiology schizophrenia unknown, although it thought to be linked increased dopaminergic activity in mesolimbic neuronal pathway decreased prefrontal cortical pathway. Treatment includes both p...

It is no longer tenable to attribute all the antipsychotic action of antipsychotic drugs to dopamine (DA) D2 receptor blockade and subsequent development of depolarization inactivation of the mesolimbic or mesocortical DA neurons. The chief evidence for this position is that clozapine (CLOZ) does not differ from typical antipsychotic drugs in these regards but is more effective than typical neu...

Psychotropic drugs acting on monoamine neurotransmission are major pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, and Alzheimer disease. Independent lines of research involving biochemical and behavioral approaches in normal and/or genetically modified mice provide converging evidence for an involvement of...

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychoneurological condition that encompasses wide variety of neurochemical, morphological, bioelectrical and behavioural changes. Comprehension the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia psychosis cannot be fully acquired in clinical studies with humans. For this reason, number experimental animal models have been developed. Although none existing reproduces complete sp...

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder, way tougher to diagnose than other disorders, as it shares similar symptoms with psychosis. As we know, schizophrenia occurs due chemical imbalance in the brain; identifying role of neurotransmitters poses vital area study. Neurotransmitters being sole carrier different brain activities, researchers have already initiated studies investigate their and ...