BACKGROUND Acetaminophen-cysteine adducts (APAP-CYS) are a specific biomarker of acetaminophen exposure. APAP-CYS concentrations have been described in the setting of acute overdose, and a concentration >1.1 nmol/ml has been suggested as a marker of hepatic injury from acetaminophen overdose in patients with an ALT >1000 IU/L. However, the concentrations of APAP-CYS during therapeutic dosing, i...

Objective: Montelukast, an asthma drug, has anti-inflammatory effect on tissues. We aimed to investigate therapeutic of montelukast (MK) acetaminophen (APAP) - induced renal damage in rat models. Material and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups six animals each. APAP was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose 1000 mg/kg/day. In the treatment group, MK 10 mg...

Patients presenting with elevated transaminases and jaundice are routinely tested for viral, autoimmune and drug etiologies. Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is a common and treatable cause of toxic hepatitis and elevated APAP levels in the setting of acute liver injury usually imply that acetaminophen is a primary contributor to the injury. Rare case reports, however, have described elevated leve...

SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN MICE Robin H. Schmidt 11/29/2011 Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, is known to confer antioxidant protection in vivo. Rather than directly reacting with free radicals, however, SFN works by inducing Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to the promoter regions of several known antioxidant genes ...

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes renal and hepatic injury. It is ‎also believed that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in APAP-induced renal injury. ‎Therefore, protective effects of different antioxidants have been examined in APAP-‎induced renal and hepatic toxicity models. Stevia rebadiana is a plant with a high ‎degree of natural antioxidant activity in its leaf extract. T...

Acetaminophen commonly referred to as paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug available over the counter medications. Indiscriminate use of acetaminophen for management pain fever causes liver damage. The study evaluated hepatoprotective effect Laportea aestuans aqueous leaf extract in acetaminophen-treated mice. Group 1: control, 2: APAP treated, 3, 4, 5, 6 7 received 25, 50, 100, 200...

GOALS To identify an association between prior weight loss surgery (WLS) and acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF). BACKGROUND WLS, which has increased in proportion to the global rise of obesity, alters the absorption and metabolism of many drugs including acetaminophen (APAP) and may predispose to toxicity. No study has identified an association between prior WLS and APAP-ALF. S...

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common analgesic and antipyretic medicine that can lead to acute liver injury at high doses. Crocin, Crocus sativus’ ingredient, has potent antioxidant effects. Objectives: This study examined the protective effects of crocin against APAP-induced oxidative stress in mice. Methods: In this study, 56 mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 per gro...

Our objective was to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of drug-induced liver and kidney injury by profiling the circulating miRNome in patients with acetaminophen overdose. Plasma miRNAs were quantified in age- and sex-matched overdose patients with (N = 27) and without (N = 27) organ injury (APAP-TOX and APAP-no TOX, respectively). Classifier miRNAs were tested in a separate cohort (N = 81)...

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DB) mice challenged with single ordinarily lethal doses of acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), or bromobenzene (BB) were resistant to all three hepatotoxicants. Mechanisms of protection against APAP hepatotoxicity were investigated. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histopathology revealed significantly l...