The genitalia of Drosophila derive from the genital disc and require the activity of the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) Hox gene. This gene encodes two different proteins, Abd-B M and Abd-B R. We show here that the embryonic genital disc, like the larval genital disc, is formed by cells from the eighth (A8), ninth (A9) and tenth (A10) abdominal segments, which most likely express the Abd-B M, Abd-B R and ...

We report the embryonic and adult phenotypes of a number of mutations of the abd-A gene of the bithorax complex. Some of them result in loss of abd-A function in the whole abd-A domain and are usually lethal. These probably eliminate or inactivate abd-A protein products. Other mutations affect only part of the abd-A domain. These are viable, appear to map outside the abd-A transcription unit, a...

To characterize the cerebellar influence on neurons in the abducens (ABD) nucleus, we recorded ABD neurons before and after we inactivated the caudal part of the ipsilateral cerebellar fastigial nucleus (cFN) with muscimol injection. cFN activity influences the horizontal component of saccades. cFN inactivation increased the activity of most ipsilateral ABD neurons (19/22 in 2 monkeys) during i...

Hox genes that determine anteroposterior body axis formation in all bilaterians are often found to have partially overlapping expression pattern. Since posterior genes dominate over anterior Hox genes in the region of co-expression, the anterior Hox genes are thought to have no function in such regions. In this study we show that two Hox genes have distinct and essential functions in the same c...

Rationale: Albumin-binding carriers have been shown to target cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) vaccines to lymph nodes (LNs) and improve the efficacy of the vaccines. However, it was not clear whether the improved efficacy is solely due to the LN targeting, which prompted this study. Methods: First, we generated a fusion protein consisting of an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and an immune-tolerant e...

The abdominal-A (abd-A) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) genes of the bithorax complex (BX-C) specify the identity of most of the Drosophila abdomen. Six different classes of infraabdominal (iab) mutations within the BX-C transform a subset of the parasegments affected by the lack of these two genes. It is thought that these mutations define parasegmental cis-regulatory regions that control the expressi...

[In the article "Prior to the Oral Therapy, What Do We Know About HCV-4 in Egypt: A Randomized Survey of Prevalence and Risks Using Data Mining Computed Analysis" which appeared in Volume 93, Issue 28 of Medicine, Abd Elrazek Abd Elrazek's name incorrectly appeared as Abd Elrazek M. Aly Abd Elrazek.].

Air bubble detectors (ABDs) are utilized during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to protect against massive air embolism. Stockert (Munich, Germany) ABD quantify microbubbles >300 μm; however, their reliability has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the microbubble data from the ABD with the SIII and S5 heart-lung machines. Microbubble counts from the ABD with...

Objective: Acid-base disorders (ABDs) are usually correlated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes, outcomes, types and incidences of ABDs in patients presenting at the emergency department (ED). Material and Methods: We prospectively analyzed data from patients who presented between January 2011 and May 2011. Data on age, gender, chie...