This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that the omission of zoning restrictions in t...

INTRODUCTION Zoning ordinances and land-use plans may influence the community food environment by determining placement and access to food outlets, which subsequently support or hinder residents' attempts to eat healthfully. The objective of this study was to examine associations between healthful food zoning scores as derived from information on local zoning ordinances, county demographics, an...

This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that estimates of factors affecting market potential and competitive intensity...

Inclusionary zoning (IZ) is an affordable housing tool that links the production of affordable housing to the production of market-rate housing. IZ policies either require or encourage new residential developments to make a certain percentage of the housing units affordable to lowor moderateincome residents. In exchange, many IZ programs provide cost offsets to developers, such as density bonus...

Oscillatory zoning, i.e., self-formation of spatial quasiperiodic oscillations in the composition of solid growing from aqueous solution, is analyzed theoretically. Keeping in mind systems like (Ba,Sr)SO4 , we propose a one-dimensional model that takes into account the nonideality of the solid solution and the system asymmetry, in particular, reflecting itself in different solubilities for such...

Agents operating in open fields, like robots, soldiers, rescue workers, or ships, may need to do qualitative reasoning with relative directions. We have introduced here a generalized framework for that purpose, with a parameterized angular zoning scheme (e.g., zoning with 60-degree or 90-degree). Such a parameterization of qualitative reasoning is a new direction, for an area that typically eng...

Many local governments are adopting inclusionary zoning (IZ) as a means of producing affordable housing without direct public subsidies. In this paper, panel data on IZ in the San Francisco metropolitan area and suburban Boston are used to analyse how much affordable housing the programmes produce and how IZ affects the prices and production of market-rate housing. The amount of affordable hous...

Alternative land use zoning scenarios provide guidance for sustainable land use controls. This study focused on an ecologically vulnerable catchment on the Loess Plateau in China, proposed a novel land use zoning model, and generated alternative zoning solutions to satisfy the various requirements of land use stakeholders and managers. This model combined multiple zoning objectives, i.e., maxim...

dehsalm metamorphic complex located in east of iran consists of regionally metamorphosed rocks intruded by three phases of granitic masses. synkinematic porphyroblasts of garnet from staurolite-garnet schist present well preserved growth zoning. electron microprobe analysis of selected garnets was carried out to interpret the origin and pattern of zoning in amphibolite facies garnets and its im...