Pronunciation is essential to appropriate communication because the incorrect use ofpronunciation inevitably leads to the message being misunderstood by the receptor. In spite of itsimportance, L2 learners often regard pronunciation as the most difficult language skill to learn.In this study, shadowing as an act or task in pronunciation, in which the learner tracks the targetspeech and repeats ...

Listening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard listening as themost difficult language skill to learn. In this study, shadowing as an act or task in listening, inwhich the learner...

Indian sub-continent is one of those unique parts of the world where single languages are written in different scripts. This is the case for example with Punjabi, written in Indian East Punjab in Gurmukhi script (a Left to Right script based on Devnagri) and in Pakistani West Punjab, it is written in Shahmukhi (a Right to Left script based on Perso-Arabic). This is also the case with other lang...

In this paper, we present a system towards Indian postal automation based on PIN (Postal Index Number) code. Since India is a multilingual and multi-script country that was earlier colonized by UK, the address part may be written by combination of scripts such as Latin (English) and a local (state) script. Here, we shall consider Oriya script one of the local state language in India with Englis...

This paper describes statistical techniques used for modelling transliteration systems between the scripts of Punjabi language. Punjabi is one of the unique languages, which are written in more than one script. In India, Punjabi is written in Gurmukhi script, while in Pakistan it is written in Shahmukhi (Perso-Arabic) script. Shahmukhi script has its origin in the ancient Phoenician script wher...

Oberon Script is a scripting language and runtime system for building interactive Web Client applications. It is based on the Oberon programming language and consists of a compiler that translates Oberon Script at load-time into JavaScript code, and a small runtime system that detects and compiles script sections written in Oberon Script.

Automatic Pattern Recognition field has witnessed enormous growth in the past few decades. Being an essential element of Pattern Recognition, Document Image Analysis is the procedure of analyzing a document image with the intention of working out the contents so that they can be manipulated as per the requirements at various levels. It involves various procedures like document classification, o...

Today, handwritten script recognition is challenging part in the computer science. It is important to know a script used in writing. Script recognitions have many important applications like automatic transcription of multilingual documents, searching document image, script sorting. Proposed work emphasis on the “block level technique” where script recognition recognizes the script of the given...